[资源] 【分享】FAO:Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specification【已搜无重复】

GENERAL INFORMATION  (208 KB)

Revision of Food and Nutrition Paper No. 5
Criteria for Replacement of Older Methods
Food Chemicals Codex
Hazardous Reagents and Solvents
Method Validation

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES  (312 KB)

Chromatography

Introduction
Chromatography Principles
Chromatography Techniques

Column Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
Thin-Layer Chromatography

Gas Chromatography
Headspace-Gas Chromatography
Analysis of Samples – General Method Instructions
Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Spectrophotometry and Spectroscopy

Definitions
Terminology
Theory and Formulas for Calculation
Apparatus

UV/Visible Spectrophotometers
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers
Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrophotometers
Spectrofluorimeters
Infrared Spectrometers
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometers (NMR)

Procedures
Applications

GENERAL METHODS  (390 KB)

Appearance and Physical Properties

Boiling Point and Distillation Range
Determination of pH (Potentiometric Method)
Melting Range/Melting Point
Refractive Index
Solidification Point
Solubility
Specific Gravity
Specific Rotation

Identification Tests

Inorganic Ions
Organic Ions and Compounds

Inorganic Components

Acid-Insoluble Matter
Arsenic Limit Test
Ash

Total Ash
Acid-insoluble Ash
Sulfated Ash

Chlorides Limit Test
Chromium Limit Test
Cyclic Phosphate Determination
Fluoride Limit Test

Method I – Thorium Nitrate Colorimetric Method
Method II – Ion-Selective Electrode Method, Method A
Method III – Ion-Selective Electrode Method, Method B
Method IV – Ion-Selective Electrode Method, Method C

Iron Limit Test
Loss on Drying
Loss on Ignition
Metallic Impurities

Measurement of Antimony, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead and Zinc by Atomic Absorption Flame Technique
Measurement of Antimony, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead and Zinc by Inductively Coupled Plasma Technique
Measurement of Lead and Cadmium by Atomic Absorption Electro-Thermal (Furnace) Atomization Technique
Measurement of Arsenic and Antimony by Atomic Absorption Hydride Technique
Determination of Mercury by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Technique

Nickel in Polyols
Nickel Limit Test
Nitrogen Determination (Kjeldahl Method)

Method I
Method II (Semi-Micro)

Non-Volatile Residue
Phosphate Determination as P2O5

Method I
Method II

Selenium Limit Test
Sulfates Limit Test
Water-Insoluble Matter
Water Determination (Karl Fischer Titrimetric Method)

Organic Components

Chlorinated Organic Compounds Limit Test
Cyclohexylamine in Cyclamates
Dicyclohexylamine in Cyclamates
1,4-Dioxane and Ethylene Oxide
Fumaric and Maleic Acid
Gum Constituents Identification
Norbixin
Oxalate Limit Test
Polyols: Thin Layer Chromatography
Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid
Readily Carbonizable Substances
Reducing Substances (as Glucose)

Method I (Volumetric)
Method II (Gravimetric)

Related Foreign Substances in Flavour Enhancers
Residual Solvents

Method I (Determination carried out in water)
Method II (Determination carried out in methanol)

Toluenesulfonamides in Saccharines
Triphenylphosphine Oxide

Microbiological Analyses

Total (Aerobic) Plate Count
Spiral Plate Count Method (Alternative Method)
Coliforms and E-Coli
MPN Method (Alternative Method)
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus

Direct Plate Count Method
MPN Method

Enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds

SPECIFIC METHODS  (203 KB) and  (673 KB)

Enzyme Preparations

alpha-Amylase Activity (Bacterial)
alpha-Amylase Activity (Fungal)
Antibacterial Activity
Catalase Activity
Cellulase Activity
Ethylenimine Limit Test
ß-Galactocidase (Lactase) Activity
Glucoamylase Activity (Amyloglucosidase Activity)
ß-Glucanase Activity
Glucose Isomerase Activity
Glucose Oxidase Activity
Gluteraldehyde Limit Test
Gluteraldehyde Determination in High Fructose Corn Syrup (High Fructose Glucose Syrup)
Hemicellulase Activity
Invertase Activity
Milk Clotting Activity
Protease Activity (Viscometer Method)
Proteolytic Activity, Bacterial (PC)
Proteolytic Activity, Fungal (HUT)
Proteolytic Activity, Fungal (SAP)
Proteolytic Activity, Plant
Pullulanase Activity
Xylanase Activity (Method 1)
Xylanase Activity (Method 2)

Fats, Oils and Hydrocarbons

Acid Value
Aromatic Hydrocarbons Determination
Average Molecular Weight
Carbon Number at 5% Distillation Point
Congealing Range
Free Fatty Acids
Hydroxyl Value
Identification Tests for Functional Groups

Test A – Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids
Test B – Acetic Acid
Test C – Succinic Acid
Test D – Fumaric Acid
Test E – Tartaric Acid
Test F – Citric Acid
Test G – Lactic Acid
Test H – Glycerol

Iodine Value (Modified Wijs Method)
1-Monoglyceride and Free Glycerol Contents
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polyglycerol Determination in Polyglycerol Esters
Polyols
Propylene Glycol Dimer and Trimer Determination
Saponification
Saponification Value
Sorbitan Ester Content
Sulfur
Viscosity, 100°

Flavouring Agents

Acid Value
Assay
Boiling Point
Ester Determination
Melting Point (Melting Range)
Refractive Index
Solubility in Ethanol
Solubility in General
Specific Gravity

Food Colours

Chloride as Sodium Chloride
Chloroform-insoluble Matter

Colouring Matters

Identification by Chromatography
Identification by Spectrophotometry
Colouring Matters Content by Spectrophotometry
Colouring Matters Content of Water-soluble Colouring Matters
Colouring Matters Content of Organic Solvent-soluble Colouring
Matters
Colouring Matters Content of Lakes
Colouring Matters Content by Titration with Titanous Chloride

Subsidiary Colouring Matter Content
Ether-extractable Matter
Hydrochloric acid-insoluble Matter in Lakes
Leuco Base in Sulfonated Triarylmethane Colours
Organic Compounds other than Colouring Matters
Sulfate as Sodium Sulfate
Unsulfonated Primary Aromatic Amines
Water Content (Loss on Drying)
Water-insoluble Matter
Water-soluble Chlorides and Sulfates in Aluminum Lakes

ASSAY METHODS  (68 KB)

Alginates Assay (Carbon Dioxide Determination by Decarboxylation)
Cellulose Derivatives Assay (Ethoxyl and Methoxyl Group Determination)
Polysorbates Assay (Oxyethylene Group Determination)

MEDIA, REAGENTS AND SOLUTIONS  (258 KB)

Media
Reagents
Buffer Solutions

Buffer Test Solutions
Standard Buffer Solutions

Standard Solutions
Test Solutions (TS)
Volumetric Solutions

Normal Solutions (N)
Molar Solutions (M)
Preparation and Methods of Standardization

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