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http://www.colorado.edu/Academic ... ials%20Concepts.pdf

http://muchong.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=393988&fpage=1
ÄÉÃײÄÁÏ´´Ê¼ÈËH. Gleiter×ÛÊö,ÒýÓôï400Óà´Î,

Nanostructured materials: basic concepts and microstructure*1

H. Gleiter

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Nanotechnology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany


Abstract
Nanostructured Materials (NsM) are materials with a microstructure the characteristic length scale of which is on the order of a few (typically 1¨C10) nanometers. NsM may be in or far away from thermodynamic equilibrium. NsM synthesized by supramolecular chemistry are examples of NsM in thermodynamic equilibrium. NsM consisting of nanometer-sized crystallites (e.g. of Au or NaCl) with different crystallographic orientations and/or chemical compositions are far away from thermodynamic equilibrium. The properties of NsM deviate from those of single crystals (or coarse-grained polycrystals) and/or glasses with the same average chemical composition. This deviation results from the reduced size and/or dimensionality of the nanometer-sized crystallites as well as from the numerous interfaces between adjacent crystallites. An attempt is made to summarize the basic physical concepts and the microstructural features of equilibrium and non-equilibrium NsM.

[ Last edited by dgf2008 on 2008-10-13 at 19:54 ]
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Thanks,it's a very good paper.
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