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Chem Soc Rev上发表的Nanostructured assemblies评述文章
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  1.Fluorescent core–shell silica nanoparticles: towards Lab on a Particle architectures for nanobiotechnology Chem. Soc.Rev., 2006, 35, 1028 - 1042, DOI: 10.1039/b600562b Andrew Burns, Hooisweng Ow and Ulrich Wiesner Novel nanoscale fluorescent materials are integral to the progress of emergent fields such as nanobiotechnology and facilitate new research in a variety of contexts. Sol–gel derived silica is an excellent host material for creating fluorescent nanoparticles by the inclusion of covalently-bound organic dyes. Significant enhancements in the brightness and stability of organic dye emission can be achieved for silica-based core–shell nanoparticle architectures at length scales down to tens of nanometers with narrow size distributions. This tutorial review will highlight these findings and describe the evolution of the fluorescent core–shell silica nanoparticle concept towards integration of multiple functionalities including mesoporosity, metal nanoshells and quantitative chemical sensing. These developments point towards the development of lab on a particle architectures with promising prospects for nanobiotechnology, drug development and beyond.  2. Recent progress on nanovehicles Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1043 - 1055, DOI: 10.1039/b514700j Yasuhiro Shirai, Jean-Fran?ois Morin, Takashi Sasaki, Jason M. Guerrero and James M. Nanovehicles are a new class of molecular machines consisting of a molecular scale chassis, axles, and wheels, that can roll across solid surfaces with structurally defined directions making them of interest to synthetic chemists, surface scientists, chemical engineers, and the general car enthusiast. In this tutorial review, following a brief introduction to the development of nanomachines, our recent progress on the nanovehicle project is presented including the design, synthesis, and testing of a series of nanocars, nanotrucks, and motorized nanocars.  3. Addressing metal centres in supramolecular assemblies Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1056 - 1067, DOI: 10.1039/b517267p Mario Ruben, Jean-Marie Lehn and Paul Müller Supramolecular metal ion assemblies are deposited from their solutions onto highly orientated pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates to be imaged by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Since the structural and electronic information of STM measurements are strongly entangled, the spectroscopic interpretation and analysis of the images of such molecular assemblies has proven to be challenging. This tutorial review focuses on a general room temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) protocol, current induced tunnelling spectroscopy (CITS), applied to free-standing 1D and 2D arrangements of supramolecular metal ion assemblies rendering local tunnelling probabilities with submolecular resolution. The size of the investigated molecular assemblies was confirmed by comparison with X-ray crystallographic data, while the consistency of the spectroscopic investigations and of the determined positions of the metal ions within the assemblies was checked by DFT calculations. Due to the genuine level structure of coordinated metal centers, it was possible to map exclusively the position of the coordination bonds in supramolecular transition metal assemblies with submolecular spatial resolution using the CITS technique. CITS might thus constitute an important tool to achieve directed bottom-up construction and controlled manipulation of fully electronically functional, two-dimensional molecular designs.  4. Cross-linked block copolymer micelles: functional nanostructures of great potential and versatility Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1068 - 1083, DOI: 10.1039/b514858h Rachel K. O'Reilly, Craig J. Hawker and Karen L. Wooley Supramolecular self assembly techniques have provided a versatile means by which to selectively assemble polymer molecules into well-defined three dimensional core–shell nanostructures. The covalent stabilisation and tailoring of these dynamic nanostructures can be achieved using a range of chemistries within the assembly to afford robust functional nanoparticles. Many examples of the stabilisation, functionalisation and decoration of these nanoparticles have been reported in the literature and this tutorial review will focus on these recent developments and highlight their potential applications.  5. Gold nanostructures: engineering their plasmonic properties for biomedical applications Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1084 - 1094, DOI: 10.1039/b517615h Min Hu, Jingyi Chen, Zhi-Yuan Li, Leslie Au, Gregory V. Hartland, Xingde Li, Manuel Marquez and Younan Xia The surface plasmon resonance peaks of gold nanostructures can be tuned from the visible to the near infrared region by controlling the shape and structure (solid vs. hollow). In this tutorial review we highlight this concept by comparing four typical examples: nanospheres, nanorods, nanoshells, and nanocages. A combination of this optical tunability with the inertness of gold makes gold nanostructures well suited for various biomedical applications.  6. Imparting size, shape, and composition control of materials for nanomedicine Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1095 - 1104, DOI: 10.1039/b600913c Larken E. Euliss, Julie A. DuPont, Stephanie Gratton and Joseph DeSimone This tutorial review presents an overview of strategies for the synthesis and fabrication of organic nanomaterials, specifically those with potential for use in medical applications. Examples include liposomes, micelles, polymer–drug conjugates and dendrimers. Methods of driving shape viabottom-up synthetic approaches and thermodynamics and kinetics are discussed. Furthermore, methods of driving shape viatop-down physical and engineering techniques are also explored. Finally, a novel method (referred to as PRINT) used to produce nanoparticles that are shape-specific, can contain any cargo, and can be easily modified is examined along with its potential future role in nanomedicine.  7. Molecular designer self-assembling peptides Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1105 - 1110, DOI: 10.1039/b511336a Xiaojun Zhao and Shuguang Zhang Chemistry has generally been associated with inorganic and organic syntheses, metal–organic composites, coordinate metal chemistry, catalyses, block copolymer, coating, thin film, industrial surfactants and small-molecule drug development. That is about to change. Chemistry will also expand to the discovery and fabrication of biological and molecular materials with diverse structures, functionalities and utilities. The advent of biotechnology, nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology has accelerated this trend. Nature has selected and evolved numerous molecular architectural motifs at nanometer scale over billions of years for particular functions. These molecular nanomotifs can now be designed for new materials and nanodevices from the bottom up. Chemistry will again harness Nature's enormous power to benefit other disciplines and society. This tutorial review focuses on two self-assembling peptide systems.  8. First blueprint, now bricks: DNA as construction material on the nanoscale Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1111 - 1121, DOI: 10.1039/b602886c Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya and Yamuna Krishnan For the most part DNA was considered Natures instruction manual for life leading to the popular description blueprint of life. However, DNA is now taking on a new aspect where it is finding use as a construction element for architecture on the nanoscale. This tutorial review addresses the importance of building ordered structures with DNA on the nanoscale, the underlying principles and approaches to build such scaffolds, the current limitations and the anticipated trajectory of the area. This is would be of interest to the chemical biology, supramolecular and bioengineering communities in particular.  9. Molecular printboards: versatile platforms for the creation and positioning of supramolecular assemblies and materials Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1122 - 1134, DOI: 10.1039/b600093m Manon J. W. Ludden, David N. Reinhoudt and Jurriaan Huskens This tutorial review describes the development of molecular printboards, which are tailor-made surfaces functionalized with receptor (host) molecules. Such substrates can be used for the binding of complementary ligand (guest) molecules through multivalent interactions. Supramolecular multivalent interactions are ideal to attain a quantitative and fundamental understanding of multivalency at interfaces. Because of their quantitative interpretation, the focus is on (i) the interaction of cyclodextrin host surfaces with multivalent hydrophobic guest molecules, (ii) the vancomycin–oligopeptide system, and (iii) the multivalent binding of histidine-tagged proteins to NiNTA receptor surfaces. The review will be of interest to researchers in the fields of supramolecular chemistry, chemical biology, surface chemistry, and molecular recognition.  10. Artificial nanomachines based on interlocked molecular species: recent advances Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1135 - 1149, DOI: 10.1039/b517102b Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Credi, Serena Silvi and Margherita Venturi The bottom-up construction and operation of nanoscale machines and motors, that is, supramolecular systems wherein the molecular components can be set in motion in a controlled manner for ultimately accomplishing a function, is a topic of great interest in nanoscience and a fascinating challenge of nanotechnology. The field of artificial molecular machines and motors is growing at an astonishing rate and is attracting a great deal of interest. Research in the last decade has shown that species made of interlocked molecular components like rotaxanes, catenanes and related systems are most attractive candidates. In recent times, the evolution of the structural and functional design of such systems has led to the construction and operation of complex molecular machines that, in some cases, are able to do specific tasks.This tutorial review is intended to discuss the design principles for nanomachines based on interlocked molecules, and to provide a timely overview on representative prototype systems.  11. Scanning near-field photolithography—surface photochemistry with nanoscale spatial resolution  Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1150 - 1161, DOI: 10.1039/b606706a Graham J. Leggett This tutorial review describes recent advances that have challenged the traditional view that the Rayleigh limit, of approximately  /2, represents the ultimate resolution accessible using optical methods. Near-field optical methods offer a powerful capability for optical measurement and manipulation of materials. Using a scanning near-field optical microscope coupled to a UV laser it is possible to create photopatterned molecular structures with dimensions nearly 15 times smaller than the Rayleigh limit. Near-field methods offer the possibility for selective initiation of surface chemical transformations with exquisite spatial resolution, bringing the prospect of unifying top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication into view.  12 Synthesis, structure and properties of metal nanoclusters Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1162 - 1194, DOI: 10.1039/b517312b J. P. Wilcoxon and B. L. Abrams Metal nanoclusters have physical properties differing significantly from their bulk counterparts. Metallic properties such as delocalization of electrons in bulk metals which imbue them with high electrical and thermal conductivity, light reflectivity and mechanical ductility may be wholly or partially absent in metal nanoclusters, while new properties develop. We review modern synthetic methods used to form metal nanoclusters. The focus of this critical review is solution based chemical synthesis methods which produce fully dispersed clusters. Control of cluster size and surface chemistry using inverse micelles is emphasized. Two classes of metals are discussed, transition metals such as Au and Pt, and base metals such as Co, Fe and Ni. The optical and catalytic properties of the former are discussed and the magnetic properties of the latter are given as examples of unexpected new size-dependent properties of nanoclusters. We show how classical surface science methods of characterization augmented by chemical analysis methods such as liquid chromatography can be used to provide feedback for improvements in synthetic protocols. Characterization of metal clusters by their optical, catalytic, or magnetic behavior also provides insights leading to improvements in synthetic methods. The collective physical properties of closely interacting clusters are reviewed followed by speculation on future technical applications of clusters. (125 references).  13 Synthesis, properties and perspectives of hybrid nanocrystal structures Chem. Soc. Rev., 2006, 35, 1195 - 1208, DOI: 10.1039/b517790c Pantaleo Davide Cozzoli, Teresa Pellegrino and Liberato Manna Current efforts and success of nanoscale science and technology are related to the fabrication of functional materials and devices in which the individual units and their spatial arrangement are engineered down to the nanometer level. One promising way of achieving this goal is by assembling colloidal inorganic nanocrystals as the novel building blocks of matter. This trend has been stimulated by significant advances in the wet-chemical syntheses of robust and easily processable nanocrystals in a wide range of sizes and shapes. The increase in the degree of structural complexity of solution-grown nanostructures appears to be one of the natural directions towards which nanoscience will increasingly orient. Recently, several groups have indeed devised innovative syntheses of nanocrystals through which they have been able to group inorganic materials with different properties in the same particle. These approaches are paving the way to the development of nanosized objects able to perform multiple technological tasks. In this critical review (165 references), we will summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals, with emphasis on the strategies followed for the fabrication of nano-heterostructures, as well as on their properties and the perspectives in this field.  [ Last edited by dgf2008 on 2008-10-13 at 17:44 ] |
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