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挥泪天使

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[资源] 一篇关于聚合物的综述

Contents
1. Introduction 6102
2. Synthesis of Helical Polymers 6105
2.1. Helical Polymers with High Helix Inversion
Barriers (Static Helical Polymers)
6105
2.1.1. Polymethacrylates and
Polymethacrylamides
6105
2.1.2. Polyisocyanides 6107
2.1.3. Poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s 6114
2.1.4. Polyguanidines 6115
2.2. Helical Polymers with Low Helix Inversion
Barriers (Dynamic Helical Polymers)
6115
2.2.1. Polyisocyanates 6117
2.2.2. Polysilanes 6118
2.2.3. Polyacetylenes 6120
2.3. Foldamer-Based Helical Polymers 6124
2.3.1. Click Polymerization 6126
2.3.2. Ring-Closing Reaction 6126
2.4. Other Types of Helical Polymers 6127
2.4.1. π-Conjugated Helical Polymers 6127
2.4.2. Metallosupramolecular Helical Polymers 6128
2.5. Induced Helical Polymers 6130
2.5.1. Induced Helical Polyacetylenes 6130
2.5.2. Other Induced Helical Polymers and
Oligomers
6132
2.5.3. Foldamer-Based Helicity Induction 6136
2.5.4. Helicity Induction by Inclusion with Optically
Active Hosts
6137
2.6. Chiral Ampliﬁcation 6137
2.6.1. Sergeants and Soldiers Effect and Majority
Rule
6139
2.6.2. Domino Effect 6139
2.7. Memory of Helical Chirality 6141
2.7.1. Macromolecular Helicity Memory in
Solution
6141
2.7.2. Macromolecular Helicity Memory in a Solid 6146
2.7.3. Macromolecular Helicity Memory in
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
6148
2.7.4. Supramolecular Helicity Memory 6149
2.8. Helix Inversion 6152
2.8.1. Macromolecular Helix Inversion 6152
2.8.2. Supramolecular Helix Inversion 6159
3. Structures of Helical Polymers 6160
3.1. Helical Structure Determination 6161
3.1.1. Single-Crystal X-ray Analysis of Uniform
Oligomers
6161
3.1.2. X-ray Diffraction of Liquid Crystalline
Helical Polymers
6161
3.2. Helical Sense Determination 6168
3.2.1. Exciton Chirality Method 6168
3.2.2. Microscopic Observations 6169
4. Double-Helical Polymers and Oligomers 6178
4.1. Double- and Triple-Stranded Helicates and
Trefoil Knots
6178
4.2. Aromatic Oligoamides 6181
4.3. Complementary Double Helices Based on an
Amidinium-Carboxylate Salt Bridge
6182
4.4. Poly- and Oligo(m-phenylene)s 6189
4.5. Miscellaneous 6192
5. Functions of Helical Polymers 6194
5.1. Chiral Recognition 6194
5.2. Asymmetric Catalysis 6197
5.3. Miscellaneous Applications 6199
6. Conclusions and Outlook 6202
7. Acknowledgments 6203
8. References 6203

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