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2010年wiley公司出版的一本很全很新的生物分析领域书籍
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Edited by David T. Pierce and Julia Xiaojun Zhao Trace Analysis with Nanomaterials Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Introduction: Trace analysis is an important topic that impacts various areas ranging from environmental monitoring to national security, food safety, clinical diagnosis, and forensic investigation. The need for sensitive and robust determinations in these areas has driven a rapid development of novel nanomaterials as well as new methodologies with which to implement them. Unfortunately, essential details of these new nanomaterials and approaches for their use have largely remained in wide - ranging journals and specialized compilations. Our goal for this book has been to provide an introduction to these new methods and materials in one source and thereby encourage the development of new, cross - disciplinary ideas among scientists from many different fi elds. Accordingly, this book includes a broad cross - section of nanomaterial - based methodologies and applications. Selected topics are reviewed in 14 chapters and organized in three sections. Section I (Chapters 1 – 5 ) is dedicated to “ Biological and Chemical Analysis. ” The performance of biosensors and bioassays has been aided by the rapid development of nanotechnology and the application of various nanomaterials. Chapters 1 and 2 are focused on photoactive nanomaterials. Chapter 1 summarizes recent advances of photoswitchable nanoprobes that feature changes in fl uorescence and magnetization. Contributions of these nanoprobes to super - resolution fl uorescence imaging and acquisition of quantitative information of biological targets are reviewed. Semiconductor quantum dot s ( QD s) have attracted considerable attention in the fi elds of chemistry and biology over the past decade. Based on these recent advances, Chapter 2 reviews the fundamental properties, characteristic advantages, and synthetic methods for various semiconductor QDs. Several successful analytical applications of QDs in the fi eld of chemistry and biology are discussed. Chapters 3 and 4 emphasize nanomaterials - based electrochemical biosensors and bioassays. The enormous signal enhancement associated with the use of nanomaterial labels and the formation of nanomaterial – biomolecule complexes provides the basis for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of disease - related gene or protein markers, biothreat agents, or infectious agents. Chapter 3 discusses various nanomaterials for bioanalysis, including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanocarriers. The surface - dependent electron transport properties of nanomaterials are often used to develop chemical and biological sensors for XIV Preface trace analysis. Specifi cally, physical and/or chemical sorption of analytes on a nanomaterial surface may affect the rates of electron transport through a nanomaterial assembly, resulting in detectable change in its electronic conductivity. In Chapter 4 , the authors review chemical and biological sensing applications based on electron transport through nanoparticle assemblies. In addition to nanomaterials, nanodevices based on fl uidics have reduced signifi cantly the time and costs involved in chemical/biochemical experimentation. They have also permitted the study of several physical/chemical/biological systems at a fundamentally higher level. In Chapter 5 , the authors describe applications of micro - and nanofl uidic technology to the trace analysis of biological samples with a focus on assays involving nucleic acids, proteins/peptides, and biological cells. Section II (Chapters 6 – 10 ) is dedicated to “ Environmental Analysis. ” Nanomaterials have shown great potential for improving the detection and extraction of trace contaminants in the environment, but they may themselves pose an environmental hazard if released. Chapter 6 focuses on the analysis of water contaminated with endocrine - disrupting chemicals by the use of molecularly imprinted polymer s ( MIP s). This chapter gives an overview of signifi cant achievements to improve the performance of MIPs in solid - phase extraction using particles during the last two years. Chapter 7 reviews current research on trace detection and quantifi cation of nitrated and peroxide - based high explosives with various techniques involving nanomaterials. In particular, sensors based on electrochemistry, fl uorescence, microcantilevers, and metal oxide semiconductive nanoparticles are discussed. Hazardous metals are another important class of environmental pollutants. The authors of Chapter 8 survey the use of nanostructured materials for the selective collection of trace - level metals from aqueous systems. It has been shown that, when correctly constructed, these nanomaterials are superior sorbents and can be used to enhance trace level analysis. In addition to newly developed nanomaterials, some traditional nanomaterials, such as TiO 2 , have demonstrated new applications for trace detection, particularly in environmental analysis. Several TiO 2 - based nanostructures important in analysis applications are introduced in Chapter 9 , including colloidal and mesoporous TiO 2 nanoparticles, TiO 2 nanotubes, TiO 2 - based hybrids, and TiO 2 nanofi lms. Also described are sample pretreatment and analyte preconcentration methods based on the strong adsorption of organic and inorganic species onto TiO 2 nanomaterials. In Chapter 10 the authors bring an interesting perspective to the use of engineered nanoparticle s ( ENP s). Not only are recent advances in the use of ENPs for environmental sensing described, but the environmental fate and toxicity of ENPs are also discussed. Section III (Chapters 11 – 14 ) is dedicated to “ Advanced Methods and Materials. ” Here the development of new nanomaterials and new methods for trace analysis are discussed. In Chapter 11 , a wide variety of analytical methods employing electrodes modifi ed with nanoparticles are summarized. Chapter 12 focuses on the analysis of single molecules or single events using nanoelectrodes and combined optical and electrochemical methods. Preface XV Chapters 13 and 14 focus on the development and application of several new nanomaterials. Membranes derived from block copolymer s ( BCP s) and containing arrays of cylindrical nanoscale pores are described in Chapter 13 . Recent achievements indicate that BCP - derived nanoporous monoliths are promising materials to develop highly effi cient separation membranes for biomolecules and detection devices with high selectivity and sensitivity. Chapter 14 introduces gold nanorod s ( AuNR s) and a broad range of applications that transcend the now - familiar gold nanoparticle. The methods of synthesis and unique physicochemical characteristics of AuNRs are described in detail and their most recent uses in trace analysis are discussed. We hope that you fi nd this book useful during your research and that it proves helpful in developing new avenues for trace analysis. We certainly look forward to receiving your feedback. Finally, and most especially, we wish to thank each of the contributors to this book. Without their dedication and expertise, this work would never have been possible. Grand Forks, USA , January 2010 David T. Pierce Julia Xiaojun Zhao[ Last edited by 西湖醉鱼 on 2011-9-12 at 13:23 ] |
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