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ENGLISH FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES GUIDE TO ACADEMIC WRITING COMBINATORY DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC USAGE µã»÷ÕâÀï(djvu¸ñʽ) ÕâÊÇÒ»±¾¶íÂÞ˹ÈËд×÷µÄÊé,רÃÅÖ¸µ¼·ÇÓ¢ÓïĸÓï¹ú¼ÒµÄ¿ÆÑÐÈËԱд×÷Ó¢ÎÄѧÊõÂÛÎÄ. µÚÒ»²¿·Ö,°´ÕÕÎÄÕ½ṹ¸ø³öд×÷ÂÛÎĸ÷¸ö²¿·Ö³£ÓõľäÐÍ¿ò¼Ü, ×îºóÊÇÒ»¸ö×ۺϴʵä. Ŀ¼ÈçÏÂ: I. TEXT ORGANIZATION: THE STRUCTURE OF THE ARTICLE 13 1. Introduction: 2. Compositional formulas 3. References to authors and bibliography 4. Data analysis 5. Discussion 6. Conclusion/ Concluding remarks 7. Appendix II. REASONING, ARGUING, INFERRING, DESCRIBING: 8. Emphasis; Operators: Intensifies; Moderators; Emphatic attitudes, qualification, quantification, operators, deictics, quantifiers, connectors 9. Emphasis; Impersonal constructions accounting for: Backgrounds, Focusing, Comments and intentions, Evaluating and prospecting, Choosing and stating; Arguing by negation; Arguing by inversion 10. Parenthesis; Appositive emphatic patterns accounting for: Conditions; Explaining; Comparing and inferring, Cooperating, Exemplifying, Generalizing, Succession, Thematization, Descriptions, Additions and appositions, Attitudes, Temporalia 11. Inversion; Emphatic patterns accounting for: Rhematization, Topicalization, Caution, Contrasting, Interrogating 12. Emphasis; Links and connectors accounting for: Conjuncting; Adjuncting; Correlating; Opposing; Orientating; Coordinating; Determining 13. Descriptions; Temporalia: Periods and dating; Temporalia; Contemporalia; Precedentia; Modus temporalia; Frequencies and duration; Succession 64 14. Quantity descriptions: Quantities; Quantitative changes; Dimensions and distances; Evaluation; Parameters; Statistics; Quantity intensifiers; Quantification; Comparisons and estimates 67 III. TEXT COMMENTS: COMMENTING; SUMMARIZING; REVIEWING; ABSTRACTING; IMPROVING STYLE; TITLES; FURTHER READING 15. Self-comment: Self-reference; Indirect reference/ comments; Cooperating; Modalities: suppositions, opinions, proposals, caution, inferences; Dropping the subject prospecting; Extending the exposition (Human realia; Education; Computers) 16. Self-summary: Summary-lead; Summary-abstract; Summary-conclusion; Abridged examples 17. Review: Comments on the contents; Criticism; Judgments; Recommendations/ Readership 18. Resume: Models and patterns; Abridged examples 19. Annotations, Titles: Selected examples 20. Improving style: ?Style specialists recommend...?; ?Escaping jargon?; Some stylistic hints for Russian users 21. Further reading COMBINATORY DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC USAGE [ Last edited by xianxianlu on 2006-10-16 at 10:15 ] |
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