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Binding Studies of the Initial Library Against a Panel of CNS Targets.
Because other naturally occurring antitussive agents have potent
function at one or more CNS receptors (i.e., codeine, along
with numerous related agents) (40), we sought to determine if
neostenine bound to such targets. Thus, synthetic ()-neostenine
and ()-13-epineostenine were screened against 40 individual
GPCR and other molecular targets (Fig. 2). The compounds were
initially screened at a constant concentration (10 ¦ÌM) to identify
possible activity of the compound. Results showing significant activity
in the initial screen were selected for ¦Êi determinations
using radioligand binding assays. It was determined that ()-
neostenine and ()-13-epineostenine only showed binding at
the muscarinic M5 receptor and Sig-Rs, respectively, as shown.
The somewhat surprising binding differences observed between
the epimers suggest a key role for the C-13 substituent. Notably,
neither of the naturally occurring alkaloids tested had activity
at any of the opioid receptors. Although Sig-R binding mediates
the activity of some nonnarcotic antitussive agents, such as dextrophan
(41), the lack of Sig-R binding in neostenine indicates
that the source of this antitussive activity of this compound is
still unknown. Target identification studies, along with the independent
validation of the in vivo literature results, are called for
but beyond the scope of the present paper.

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