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[交流] 核能之后，新的能源在哪里？已有70人参与

今天看了一则新闻：
http://news.sohu.com/20110530/n308858314.shtml
德国宣布不用核能将于2022年前关闭所有核电站
来源：中国新闻网
2011年05月30日09:24

　　中新网5月30日电据外电报道，德国环境部长30日宣布，德国将于2022年前关闭国内所有的核电站。德国将成为首个不再使用核能的主要工业国家。

　　受日本地震引发的核泄漏事故影响，瑞士政府25日表示，瑞士现有5座核电站将于2019年至2034年陆续达到最高使用年限。之后，瑞士将不再重建或更新核电站。目前瑞士电能近四成来自核电。

      10年之后，德国这个重工业国家将不再使用核电，那么缺口的电从哪获得？目前煤炭、油价那么高，是否在10年之后将会更高！！！
      让我们看看10年后德国会再更多的使用什么能源，以作为核能的替换？

POST：今天上网看到有虫子对此新闻有些疑问，特意去德国政府的网站上证实了一下，的确有此消息，相关消息地址如下（不会德语的朋友不用担心，我找的是德国政府网站的英文版）
      The way toward the energy of the future
Mon, 30.05.2011

Photo: picture-alliance
Rapidly into the era renewable energy

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The German government now aims to implement the Energy Strategy it adopted in late 2010 more swiftly and more rigorously than originally intended. Only ten years from now the last nuclear power plants are to be closed down. Germany aims to enter the age of renewables as quickly as possible. Speaking in Berlin, Chancellor Angela Merkel and three of her ministers presented in detail the steps that will be involved. No provision has been made for a way back.
Angela Merkel, Federal Environment Minister Norbert Röttgen, Federal Transport Minister Peter Ramsauer and Federal Economics Minister Philipp Rösler presented the details of the government’s resolution.

"Germany can become an international pioneer, the first nation to manage to move away from traditional energy sources to renewables," the Chancellor declared, summing up the objectives of the strategy. To this end the German government has developed a strategy that will lead the country toward an independent, reliable, economical and environmentally sound energy supply.

The end of nuclear power

A key part of the updated energy strategy is the date that has now been set for the end to the use of nuclear power. Step by step the German government intends to shut down all nuclear power stations in the country by 2022.

The resolution is absolutely clear. There is no loophole that would allow power stations to operate beyond this cut-off date in order to deliver agreed electricity quotas.

No compromises where safety is concerned

Those nuclear power plants that have already been shut down within the framework of the moratorium, including the Krümmel plant, will not be restarted. Only the three newest power plants Neckarwestheim 2, Isar 2 and Lingen will be permitted to operate until 2022.

But, safety considerations will be absolutely paramount when it comes to deciding whether a power plant may operate up to the cut-off point, said the Chancellor. The German government will conduct an annual planning control and will check whether or not targets have been achieved.

No gap in power supplies

To ensure that power supplies are not jeopardised, the Federal Network Agency will provide all necessary information.

In their report on the impacts of the moratorium on nuclear power plants, the agency’s specialists pointed out that there could be energy shortfalls in Southern Germany in winter. Should their fears prove justified, the nuclear power stations that have already been closed down are to be a so-called cold reserve.

"This does not mean we are opening up a back door," underscored the Chancellor. The reserve is only to be available for a maximum of two years. The Federal Network Agency has been mandated to identify other solutions to potential shortfalls in winter. "It is our responsibility to ensure that Germany does not suffer any blackouts," said the Chancellor.

Systematic expansion of renewables

Parallel to the gradual departure from nuclear power, the percentage of energy generated from renewables is to rise consistently. The target is to raise the percentage from 17 percent today to 35 percent in 2020. For this to be achieved the new energies must be reliable and marketable.

"We need an entirely new architecture for our energy system and energy supply for the electricity of the future," underlined the Chancellor. Ensuring this is another elemental part of the resolution of the government.

The government has already finalised a bill to reform the Renewable Energies Law. The legislative procedure can now take its course.
   http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn ... giekonzept__en.html

[ Last edited by chengary on 2011-6-1 at 16:10 ]

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德国风力发电的潜力可堵住“核差距”
www.materials.net.cn 2011-5-9 12:56:15　来源: 国际能源网

据德国风能协会最近发布的研究，陆地风力发电可独自供应德国电力需求的65%。

　　德国仅有2%的土地面积可用于风力发电，夫琅和费计算，就目前的风电技术，装机容量可达198GW(相比 2010年27.2GW的装机容量，每年可产生390千瓦时的电量)。

　　德国风能协会总统阿尔伯斯·赫尔曼在讨论目前核能源状况时指出：“基于目前德国每年600千瓦时的电力需求，陆上风力发电可满足电力需求的65%。这体现了可再生能源技术可轻易地代替核能，德国潜在的风力发电在目前能源结构中所占的比例远远超过核能发电。2010年，核电站仅能提供大约140千瓦时的电量。”

　　审视德国的各联邦州，研究展现了，至今仍然发展缓慢的一些联邦州中风力发电潜力是最大的，像巴伐利亚每年的发电量仅达80千瓦时；巴登符腾堡州每年发电量为45千瓦时。目前，这种潜在的风力发电是主要的尚未开发。

　　研究估计风力涡轮机装置的额定功率是3兆瓦，风车直径达100-150米，平均产量达到每年2000满载小时。