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Two American win physics Nobel Prize
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Americans John C. Mather and George F. Smoot won the 2006 Nobel Prize in physics Tuesday for work that helped shed light on the beginning of the universe and the origin of galaxies and stars. The scientists were awarded the prize "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm said. Their work was based on measurements that were done with the help of the NASA-launched COBE satellite in 1989. The information from the satellite helped provide increased support for the Big Bang theory of the beginning of the universe. Mather, 60, works at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and Smoot, 61, works at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. "The very detailed observations that the laureates have carried out from the COBE satellite have played a major role in the development of modern cosmology into a precise science," the academy said in its citation. Alfred Nobel, the wealthy Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite who endowed the prizes, left only vague guidelines for the selection committee. In his will, he said the prize should be given to those who "shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind" and "shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics." Last year, Americans John L. Hall and Roy J Glauber and German Theodor W Haensch won the prize for work that could lead to better long-distance communication and more precise navigation worldwide and in space. The prize was given to the three for their work in applying modern quantum physics to the study of optics. Engineers have used their observations to improve lasers, Global Positioning System technology and other instruments. This year's award announcements began Monday with the Nobel Prize in medicine going to Americans Andrew Z Fire and Craig C Mello for discovering a powerful way to turn off the effect of specific genes, opening a potential new avenue for fighting diseases as diverse as cancer and AIDS. The process, called RNA interference, also is being studied for treating such conditions as hepatitis virus infection and heart disease. It is already widely used in basic science as a method to study the function of genes. The winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry will be named Wednesday. The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel will be announced Oct. 9. The winner of the peace prize - the only one not awarded in Sweden - will be announced Oct. 13 in Oslo, Norway. A date for the literature prize has not yet been set. The prizes, which include a 10 million kronor ($A1.87 million)) check, a gold medal and a diploma, are presented Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death in 1896. |
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