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经典书目分享 <<Magnetic Oxides>>
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这个书磁性理论方面将的很好。 pdf里的是目录 Contents 1 Introductory Magnetism ...................................................... 1 1.1 Fundamental Concepts and Definitions ............................... 1 1.1.1 Basic Electrostatics............................................. 2 1.1.2 Basic Magnetostatics ........................................... 3 1.1.3 Demagnetization in Uniformly Magnetized Bodies .......... 4 1.1.4 Domains in Partially Magnetized Bodies ..................... 6 1.2 Induced Magnetism..................................................... 8 1.2.1 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism ............................ 8 1.2.2 Temperature Dependence of Susceptibility ................... 11 1.3 Spontaneous Magnetism ............................................... 15 1.3.1 Classical Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism .......... 15 1.3.2 Solutions of the Brillouin–Weiss Equation ................... 16 1.3.3 Quantum Origins of the Molecular Field ..................... 19 1.3.4 The Ising Approximation ...................................... 24 1.4 Gyromagnetism ......................................................... 25 1.4.1 Larmor Precession and Resonance ............................ 26 1.4.2 Phenomenological Relaxation Theory ........................ 27 1.4.3 Complex Susceptibility Theory................................ 29 1.4.4 Resonance Line Shapes ........................................ 33 Appendix 1A Spin–Lattice Contribution to Linewidth ..................... 34 References....................................................................... 35 2 Magnetic Ions in Oxides ...................................................... 37 2.1 The Transition Metals .................................................. 37 2.1.1 The Periodic Table ............................................. 38 2.1.2 Iron Group 3d n Ions ........................................... 40 2.1.3 Rare Earth 4f n Ions............................................ 42 2.1.4 4d n and 5d n Ions .............................................. 42 2.2 Oxygen Coordinations ................................................. 43 2.2.1 Crystal Systems and Point Groups ............................ 44 2.2.2 Cubic Symmetry ............................................... 45 2.2.3 Lower Symmetries ............................................. 47 2.3 Crystal Electric Fields .................................................. 48 2.3.1 Angular Momentum States .................................... 49 ixx Contents 2.3.2 Crystal Field Hamiltonian ..................................... 50 2.3.3 Hierarchy of Perturbations ..................................... 54 2.3.4 Weak-Field Solutions .......................................... 55 2.3.5 Group Theory and Lower Symmetry .......................... 64 2.3.6 Strong Field Solutions and Term Diagrams ................... 68 2.3.7 Rare-Earth Ion Solutions....................................... 71 2.4 Orbital Energy Stabilization ........................................... 73 2.4.1 One-Electron Model ........................................... 73 2.4.2 High- and Low-Spin States .................................... 75 2.4.3 Orbit–Lattice Stabilization (Jahn–Teller Effects) ............. 79 2.4.4 Spin–Orbit–Lattice Stabilization .............................. 82 2.5 Covalent Stabilization .................................................. 88 2.5.1 Molecular-Orbital Theory...................................... 89 2.5.2 Determinant Method ........................................... 91 2.5.3 and Bonds and the Molecular Orbital Diagram .......... 95 2.5.4 Valence Bond Method.......................................... 99 Appendix 2A Homonuclear Molecule Ion...................................102 Appendix 2B Valence-Bond Diatomic Molecule ...........................103 References.......................................................................105 3 Magnetic Exchange in Oxides ................................................107 3.1 Interionic Magnetic Exchange .........................................108 3.1.1 Molecular-Orbital Exchange Approximation .................109 3.1.2 Valence-Bond Solutions .......................................113 3.1.3 Spin Alignment in Oxides .....................................119 3.1.4 Ferromagnetism by Spin Transfer .............................121 3.1.5 Goodenough–Kanamori Rules. ................................125 3.2 Antiferromagnetism ....................................................129 3.2.1 Superexchange and Molecular Fields .........................129 3.2.2 Molecular Field Theory of Antiferromagnetism ..............131 3.2.3 Antiferromagnetic Spin Configurations .......................135 3.3 Antiferromagnetic Oxides..............................................139 3.3.1 One-Metal Oxides ..............................................139 3.3.2 ABO 3 and A 2 BO 4 Perovskites ...............................140 3.3.3 The Mixed-Valence Manganite Anomaly .....................143 Appendix 3A Analysis of M 2 CO 2 Exchange Interactions ................146 Appendix 3B Curie Temperature Model for (La,Ca) MnO 3 ................147 References.......................................................................149 4 Ferrimagnetism ................................................................151 4.1 Ferrimagnetic Order ....................................................151 4.1.1 Generic Ferrimagnetic Systems ...............................152 4.1.2 Molecular Field Theory of Ferrimagnetism...................153 4.1.3 Magnetic Frustration and Spin Canting .......................157Contents xi 4.2 Theory of Superexchange Dilution ....................................161 4.2.1 Superexchange Energy Stabilization ..........................161 4.2.2 Molecular Field Coefficients...................................164 4.2.3 Solution for Yttrium Iron Garnet ..............................165 4.3 Ferrimagnetic Oxides...................................................168 4.3.1 Spinel Ferrites AOEB 2 O 4 ......................................169 4.3.2 Garnet Ferrites f c 3 g OEa 2 .d 3 /O 12 .............................175 4.3.3 Rare-Earth Garnet Ferrites .....................................180 4.3.4 Rare-Earth Canting Effect .....................................184 4.3.5 Hexagonal Ferrites .............................................190 4.3.6 Orthoferrites ....................................................193 Appendix 4A Molecular Field Analysis of LiZnTi Ferrite .................193 Appendix 4B High-Magnetization Limits ...................................195 Appendix 4C Brillouin Functions in Exchange Energy Format ............196 References.......................................................................197 5 Anisotropy and Magnetoelastic Properties .................................201 5.1 Quantum Paramagnetism of Single Ions ..............................202 5.1.1 Theory of Anisotropic g Factors ...............................202 5.1.2 Conventional Perturbation Solutions ..........................205 5.1.3 The Spin Hamiltonian for 3d n Ions ...........................209 5.1.4 The Crystal-Field Hamiltonian for 4f n Ions..................210 5.2 Anisotropy of Single Ions ..............................................212 5.2.1 3d 1 and 3d 6 D-State Triplet ..................................213 5.2.2 3d 4 and 3d 9 D-State Doublet (J–T Effect) ...................217 5.2.3 3d 2 and 3d 7 F-State Triplet ...................................219 5.2.4 3d 3 and 3d 8 F-State Singlet ...................................220 5.2.5 3d 5 S-State Singlet .............................................222 5.2.6 4f n Ion Anisotropy ............................................226 5.3 Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Magnetostriction ................228 5.3.1 Phenomenological Anisotropy Theory ........................229 5.3.2 Phenomenological Magnetostriction Theory .................231 5.3.3 Dipolar Pair Model of Magnetic Anisotropy..................234 5.3.4 Single-Ion Model of Ferrimagnetic Anisotropy ..............236 5.3.5 Cooperative Single-Ion Effects: Anisotropy ..................241 5.3.6 Cooperative Single-Ion Effects: Magnetostriction ............246 5.4 Magnetization Process and Hysteresis.................................250 5.4.1 Initial Permeability and Coercivity ............................251 5.4.2 Anisotropy Field and Remanence Ratio.......................254 5.4.3 Approach to Saturation ........................................256 5.4.4 Demagnetization and Permanent Magnets ....................258 Appendix 5A Four-Level Degenerate Perturbation Solution for d 1 ....................................................................261xii Contents Appendix 5B T 2g Solution for d 1 in an Exchange Field....................263 Appendix 5C Orbital States of d 5 in a Cubic Field .........................265 Appendix 5D Angular Dependence of Cubic Anisotropy Fields ...........267 References.......................................................................269 6 Electromagnetic Properties ...................................................273 6.1 Magnetic Relaxation ...................................................274 6.1.1 Nonresonant Longitudinal Relaxation ........................274 6.1.2 Quantum Mechanisms of Spin–Lattice Relaxation ...........278 6.1.3 Perturbation Theories of Spin–Phonon Interaction ...........286 6.2 Gyromagnetic Resonance and Relaxation .............................287 6.2.1 Paramagnetic Resonance.......................................288 6.2.2 Ferromagnetic Resonance .....................................292 6.2.3 Uniform Precession Damping .................................295 6.2.4 Inhomogeneous Resonance Line Broadening.................297 6.2.5 Fast-Relaxing Ion Effects ......................................300 6.2.6 The Exchange Isolation Effect.................................306 6.3 Exchange-Coupled Modes (Spin Waves) ..............................307 6.3.1 Uniform Precession Decoherence (Degenerate Spin Waves) ....................................................307 6.3.2 Instability Threshold (Classical Approximation) .............311 6.3.3 Instability Threshold (Nonlinear Spin Waves) . ...............315 6.3.4 Magnetostatic Modes ..........................................317 6.4 Permeability and Propagation ..........................................318 6.4.1 Low-Frequency Longitudinal Permeability ...................318 6.4.2 High-Frequency Transverse Limits............................322 6.4.3 Snoek’s Law Considerations ...................................324 6.4.4 Circular Polarization and Nonreciprocal Properties ..........327 6.4.5 Linear Polarization and Faraday Rotation.....................332 Appendix 6A Transverse Permeability Tensor ..............................333 Appendix 6B Classical Instability Threshold ...............................336 Appendix 6C Domain Wall Susceptibility Equation ........................338 References.......................................................................340 7 Magneto-Optical Properties ..................................................343 7.1 Infrared Exchange Resonance .........................................344 7.1.1 Classical Precession Model ....................................344 7.1.2 Quantum Spin Transition Model ..............................346 7.1.3 Experimental Exchange Spectra ...............................351 7.2 Combined Permeability and Permittivity ..............................352 7.2.1 The ["] [] Tensor Solutions ..................................352 7.2.2 Propagation Parameters and Faraday Rotation ...............353 7.3 Magneto-Optical Spectra ...............................................355 7.3.1 Electric-Dipole Transitions ....................................355 7.3.2 Yttrium Iron Garnet Spectra (Paramagnetic) .................360Contents xiii 7.3.3 Iron Garnets with Bismuth Ions (Diamagnetic)...............366 7.3.4 Fe 3 C–Bi 3 C Hybrid Excited States ...........................371 7.3.5 Intersublattice Transitions and the S D 0Rule.............376 Appendix 7A Magnetic Circular Birefringence and Dichroism ............381 References.......................................................................382 8 Spin Transport Properties ....................................................385 8.1 Polarons and Charge Transfer..........................................386 8.1.1 Transfer Among Equivalent Energy Sites (Small Polarons) .388 8.1.2 Transfer to Higher Energy Sites (Large Polarons) ............389 8.1.3 Transfer by Covalent Tunneling ...............................392 8.1.4 The Holstein Polaron Theory ..................................394 8.2 Metallic Oxides with Polarized Spins .................................396 8.2.1 Simple Oxides ..................................................397 8.2.2 Complex Oxides ................................................397 8.2.3 Classical Resistivity–Temperature Model.....................400 8.3 Magnetoresistance in Oxides (CMR) ..................................401 8.3.1 Manganese-Ion Exchange Interactions ........................402 8.3.2 Magnetoresistivity-Temperature Model .......................405 8.3.3 Dilute Magnetic Oxides ........................................410 8.4 Superconductivity in Oxides ...........................................413 8.4.1 Classical Foundations ..........................................413 8.4.2 Zero-Spin Polarons and Magnetic Frustration ................419 8.4.3 Large-Polaron Superconductivity .............................423 8.4.4 Normal Resistivity and Critical Temperature .................426 8.4.5 Layered Cuprate Superconductors ............................430 8.5 Supercurrents and Magnetic Fields ....................................439 8.5.1 Supercurrent Formation ........................................439 8.5.2 Condensation Energy ..........................................442 8.5.3 London Penetration Depth .....................................443 8.5.4 Critical Magnetic Field ........................................445 8.5.5 Critical Current Density........................................447 8.5.6 Coherence Length ..............................................450 8.5.7 Type-II Superconductors .......................................452 Appendix 8A Magnetic Levitation ...........................................455 References.......................................................................456 Index .................................................................................461 [ Last edited by 8710252 on 2011-5-26 at 21:40 ] |
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