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Pollutants affect development in nestling starlings Sturnus vulgaris Keywords:endocrine disruption;nestlings;oestrogens;parental care;pollution;sewage;starlings;Sturnus vulgaris;xenoestrogens Summary 1.?Pollutants as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of worldwide concern, due to their detrimental effects on the physiology and behaviour of wildlife. One major source of EDCs is sewage treatment works which serve as foraging grounds for many bird species. However, the risks of consuming EDCs to wild birds at these sites have been largely overlooked. 2.?We have previously quantified contamination levels of invertebrates from within filter beds of sewage treatment works and the intake rates of these invertebrates by wild European starlings feeding at these sites. Our work to date has shown that environmentally-relevant EDC exposure results in reduced immunocompetence, increased song behaviour and neural development in adult starlings. 3.?In the present study, we hypothesized that nestling starlings exposed to similar EDC levels from contaminated prey, from parental feeding at sewage treatment works, would show altered growth and physiology. 4.?Our findings show that EDC exposure results in reduced growth and immunocompetence in nestling birds. However, there was no effect on corticosterone or haematocrit levels. As growth rates and immunocompetence are likely to be related to survival rates, we suggest that these exposure levels are likely to adversely affect recruitment into the adult population. 5.?Synthesis and applications. These results highlight the potential transfer of EDCs between semi-aquatic or aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms up the food chain at sites of sewage treatment works, broadening the scope of potential routes of exposure. Our findings suggest that birds foraging in these sites are at risk of physiological manipulation from EDCs and reduced body condition as a result. We advocate further work to evaluate the potential for EDCs from sewage treatment works to bioaccumulate and modulate the condition of wild organisms feeding on contaminated prey. Our results suggest that changes in management practices of sewage treatment works are required. We support measures to reduce EDC levels in sewage treatment works and that these sites should be designed to exclude or deter wildlife from foraging on contaminated prey. The management implications of such policy – oriented steps will ensure the health of wildlife foraging at sewage treatment works. [ Last edited by cxlandqyp on 2011-4-30 at 04:21 ] |
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chemistry2228
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2楼2011-04-30 16:28:57
chemistry2228
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3楼2011-04-30 16:39:45
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3，在本研究中我们假雏鸟从猎物体中摄入的污染物量和从父母喂养的食物中摄入的量一样，这都会对雏鸟的生长及生理有很大影响。 4，我们的研究表明暴露在环境中的此类污染物对雏鸟的生长和免疫力都有影响。但是对皮质酮和血细胞没有影响。由于生长率和免疫力是和存活率相关的，所以我们此类污染物会对种群数量产生不利影响。 5.合成和应用。本研究强调了在污水处理厂由水生及半水生动物与陆生动物经食物链传递污染物的潜在途径，同时这也扩大了潜在的污染范围。研究结果表明在这些地方觅食的鸟类有被内分泌干扰类物污染的风险，这些污染物会削弱鸟类的体质。我们打算做进一步的研究，去评估污水处理厂的污染物在鸟类体内的生物性富集及对鸟类体质的影响。结果证实，污水处理厂的工程管理模式需要改变，建议污水处理厂应该驱逐并阻止野生动物去含污染物的地方觅食。这样就可以通过阻止野生动物去污水处理厂觅食来保护野生动物的健康。 |
4楼2011-04-30 17:13:11
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Mally89(金币+1): 感谢热情应助！~ 2011-05-03 10:11:51
Mally89(金币+1): 感谢热情应助！~ 2011-05-03 10:11:51
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再改改，总结如下： 污染物对雏鸟发育的影响 关键词：内分泌干扰;雏鸟，雌激素;父母照顾，污染物，污水，掠鸟， 椋鸟属， 外源性雌激素 总结： 1.内分泌干扰类污染物由于会对野生动物的生理和行为有不利影响受到世界范围的关注。这类污染物的主要来源就是污水处理厂，应为许多种鸟类在这些地方觅食。然而野生鸟类在这些地方摄入内分泌干扰类污染物的风险在很大程度上被忽视了。 2.我们已经定量研究了装备有虑床的污水处理厂对非脊椎动物的污染程度，同时也定量研究了欧洲椋鸟对此类污染物的摄入量。我们的研究结果表明，暴露在环境中的此类污染物可以降低椋鸟的免疫力，增加椋鸟的鸣叫行为，同时促使幼鸟加快发育到成熟阶段。 3，在本研究中我们假设雏鸟从猎物体中摄入的污染物量和从父母喂养的食物中摄入的量一样，都会对雏鸟的生长及生理有很大影响。 4，我们的研究表明暴露在环境中的此类污染物对雏鸟的生长和免疫力都有影响。但是对皮质酮和血细胞没有影响。由于生长率和免疫力是和存活率相关的，所以我们认为此类污染物会对种群数量产生不利影响。 5.合成和应用。本研究强调了在污水处理厂由水生及半水生动物与陆生动物经食物链传递污染物的潜在途径，同时这也扩大了潜在的污染范围。研究结果表明在这些地方觅食的鸟类存在被内分泌干扰类物污染的风险，这些污染物会削弱鸟类的体质。我们打算做进一步的研究，去评估污水处理厂的污染物在鸟类体内的生物性富集及对鸟类体质的影响。结果证实，污水处理厂的工程管理模式需要改变，我们建议污水处理厂应该驱逐并阻止野生动物去含污染物的地方觅食。这样就可以通过阻止野生动物去污水处理厂觅食来保护野生动物的健康。 |
5楼2011-04-30 17:22:15
