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204886788至尊木虫 (知名作家)
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[求助]
翻译一篇短文 (12), 英译中
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Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often shortened to rms,[1] is an American software freedom activist andcomputer programmer. In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project[2] to create a free Unix-like operating system, and has been the project's lead architect and organizer. With the launch of the GNU Project, he initiated the free software movement; in October 1985 he founded the Free Software Foundation. Stallman pioneered the concept of copyleft and he is the main author of several copyleft licenses including the GNU General Public License, the most widely used free software license.[3] Since the mid-1990s, Stallman has spent most of his time advocating for free software, as well as campaigning against both software patents and what he sees as excessive extension of copyright laws. Stallman has also developed a number of pieces of widely used software, including the original Emacs,[4] the GNU Compiler Collection,[5] the GNU Debugger,[6] and many tools in the GNU Coreutils[citation needed]. He co-founded the League for Programming Freedom in 1989. While a graduate student at MIT, Stallman published a paper on an AI truth maintenance system called dependency-directed backtracking with Gerald Jay Sussman.[12]This paper was an early work on the problem of intelligent backtracking in constraint satisfaction problems. As of 2003, the technique Stallman and Sussman introduced is still the most general and powerful form of intelligent backtracking.[13] The technique of constraint recording, wherein partial results of a search are recorded for later reuse, was also introduced in this paper.[13] As a hacker in MIT's AI laboratory, Stallman worked on software projects like TECO, Emacs, and the Lisp Machine Operating System. He would become an ardent critic of restricted computer access in the lab, which at that time was funded primarily by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. When MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) installed a password control system in 1977, Stallman found a way to decrypt the passwords and sent users messages containing their decoded password, with a suggestion to change it to the empty string (that is, no password) instead, to re-enable anonymous access to the systems. Around 20% of the users followed his advice at the time, although passwords ultimately prevailed. Stallman boasted of the success of his campaign for many years afterward. |
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zuodg
铁杆木虫 (正式写手)
有为青年
- 翻译EPI: 180
- 应助: 5 (幼儿园)
- 贵宾: 0.015
- 金币: 6765.2
- 散金: 48
- 红花: 18
- 帖子: 500
- 在线: 285.5小时
- 虫号: 1055187
- 注册: 2010-07-10
- 性别: GG
- 专业: 外国语言
【答案】应助回帖
204886788(金币+50, 翻译EPI+1): 谢谢 2011-04-23 00:25:36
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Richard Matthew Stallman （1953年3月16生），通常简写为rms，是美国自由软件活动家、电脑编程工程师。1983年9月，他发起GNU计划，研制一个类似于Unix的操作系统。他一直担任这一计划的领导人和组织者。发起GNU计划的同时，他启动了自由软件运动。1985年1瓯越他创立了自由软件基金。Stallman开创性提出了“著佐权”概念，是许多“著佐权”许可证的主要作者，这其中包括世界上应用最广泛的自由软件许可证——GNU公共许可证。1990年中期开始，Stallman将大部分时间用于倡导自由软件理念，也开展运动反对软件专利。在他看来，软件专利是对版权的过度延伸。Stallman也开发出许多应用广泛的软件，包括original Emacs，GNU Compiler Collection，GNU Debugger和其他GNU Coreutils软件。他在1989年联合创立了自由编程联盟。当他还是MIT的研究生的时候，他与Gerald Jay Sussman发表了一篇关于AI 真实维护系统——依赖引导的回溯法的论文。这篇论文是智能回溯法在约束满足问题中的早期报道。到2003年，Stallman和Sussman引入的技术仍然是最通用、最强的智能回溯法。制约条件记录技术，即研究的部分结果记录下来用于下面的情况也是这篇文章介绍的。作为MIT人工智能实验室的一名黑客，Stallman从事TECO,Emacs以及Lisp机器操作系统方面的软件工作。他热心的批评对实验室中接入电脑的 限制——那个时候电脑是美国国防部高级研究计划局资助的。1977年MIT计算机科学实验室安装密码控制系统的时候，Stallman找到破解密码的方法并把包含揭秘的密码信息发送给用户，并建议将密码改为空字符串（即不设密码），从而可以匿名登录系统。虽然加密登陆还是最终胜利了，但是仍然大约有20%的用户采用了他的建议。此后很多年Stallman炫耀他在这项运动中的的胜利。 |
2楼2011-04-22 13:06:20
