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Forest genetic diversity

Forest genetic diversity is the pool of inherent differences among individuals of forest species. Forest tree species have many characteristics that may uniquely situate them to withstand the effects of human induced environmental changes. Paleoecological evidence has demonstrated that the geographic ranges of forest tree species have expanded and contracted several times since the last glacial epoch in response to environmental changes. These range fluctuations have been accomplished without any apparent loss of genetic diversity. Furthermore, phylogeographic studies indicate that gene lineages originating from separate glacial refugia have maintained sufficient genetic variation to allow them to adapt to novel habitats as the species expanded their ranges following glacial retreat. It is sometimes overlooked that habitat heterogeneity (elevation, slope, aspect, moisture etc.) in the refugia may have preserved adaptive genetic variation that has given rise to the local adaptation that we see in present-day tree populations. The maintenance of genetic diversity in the face of extensive habitat fragmentation is also a special concern for modern landscapes. Forest trees may, however, be buffered from the adverse effects of such fragmented landscapes.

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