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【Share】Internet Freedom, Social Change What's Next
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The turmoil in the Middle East- including the recent "revolutions" in Tunisia and Egypt- have highlighted the role of technology- including the Internet and mobile devices. Social media- including Facebook and Twitter- also played large roles in both Egypt and Tunisia. Government's online action. But both revolutions also showed how governments can still cut off communications. Jillian York is with the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She says that the Tunisian government used old-school "Phishing" attacks to get Facebook user's passwords and hijack their accounts. "A user would try to log in to Facebook.com and would be redirected to a page that looked just like the login page," she said. "When they logged in, their password was captured and their account was thus taken away from them." Facebook eventually responded by implementing secure servers or "https" accounts for its users. The social networking site also put up a roadb lock that asked users to identify people in their photos in order to log in. The solution took less than a week, but many accounts had been compromised. In Egypt, the government action was deeper and more widespread. The government-owned Telecom Egypt controls nearly all the fiber optic cables on which Internet service providers were required to lease space. Egypt's internal networks also relied on information services located outside the country, including e-mail servers at Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft. By cutting off contact with the outside world, the government crippled internal communications as well. Activists in Egypt found ways around the shutdown by using self-purchased satellite dishes to watch television coverage of events. After five days Internet and cell service was restored. But similar government-sponsored service interruptions controls have occurred in Iran, Syria, Iraqi Kurdistan and elsewhere in the Middle East. Michael Rubin is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington. He said that governments' grip on communication will be loosened as technology gets smaller and more sophisticated. "We are going to see a miniaturization of Internet Service Providers and satellite receivers and satellite phones and the means for independent communication," Rubin said. "At the same time, we are going to see the governments trying to come up with jamming technologies which will prevent ordinary people from having an independent communications platform."... |
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