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跟着斑竹写作文--Issue185&Argument47
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ISSUE185 - "Scandals-whether in politics, academia, or other areas-can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could." 丑闻，不管是政治、学术还是其他领域，都是有用的。它们能吸引人们的注意力，而使我们聚焦于问题，以一种演讲者和改革家都做不到的方式。 提纲： 1． 丑闻在各个领域内的作用 2． 丑闻为什么能够引起人们更多的注意 3． 丑闻的揭露也要适合 Scandals happen in every society, because of human's deficiencies, such as avarice or excessive lust for power, money or fame. Scandals dig out the deficiencies of people as well as those of institutions, policies or laws. Thus from this perspective, they can be useful because they can always call our attention to such problems and spur the amendment of those policies or laws, and make people to behave well. Scandals are useful to some extant for they are sometimes play the role of supervision. Not a few months ago, two researchers from Pittsburgh and Korea were criticized by the whole scientific field because they fabricated data to make a concoctive research about a biochemical and medical experiment. Science can tolerate hypothesis, but never mendacious research. This scandal calls controversy on how to test the facticity of a researcher's experiment before it is published on scientific magazines and how to punish audacious ones. And in the field of sports, scandals of sportsman or sportswoman who took stimulants to win in a contest will always cause serious consequence. The stimulants make these sportsmen or sportswoman notorious as well as stimulate the research on how to test new kinds of stimulants as soon as possible. In the field of politics, corruption or abusement of power, or leaders’ delinquencies is always easier to cause reforms in laws to regulate them. Why scandals have so great magic? The most important reason is that they are always easy to prevail on the base of people's curiosity. Media today, such as newspapers, television programs and internets, is so advanced to offer various kinds of news in various fields. Reporters try their best to attract people's attention, by pry a matter ever deeper than others or by a revealing photograph. We all have the experience that when we begin to surf on internet, we are easily to be attracted by those "special news" of some specific famous people. In common days, they are just like star in the sky, shining beautiful but so far from us. When their scandals are revealed by the media, common people will feel are kind of solace: they are as the same people as you and me for they also have shortcomings. When speaker or reformer tries to call our attention to the deficiency of an institution, or a policy by painstaking efforts, we may feel that it is the thing of those reformers or political leaders, it is nothing about us, thus we may neglect their efforts. But sometimes, scandals are always trying to reveal the private lives of famous people thus may cause tragedy. The death of Diana really shocked us a few years ago. And sometimes they are full of fallacious information which wastes our time and energy. Since scandals have their unique vitality and fascination to draw our attention and make us to make great efforts to avoid scandals, when properly and rightly reported, they can be useful-whether in politics, academia, or other areas. ARGUMENT47 - Scientists studying historical weather patterns have discovered that in the mid-sixth century, Earth suddenly became significantly cooler. Although few historical records survive from that time, some accounts found both in Asia and Europe mention a dimming of the sun and extremely cold temperatures. Either a huge volcanic eruption or a large meteorite colliding with Earth could have created a large dust cloud throughout Earth's atmosphere that would have been capable of blocking enough sunlight to lower global temperatures significantly. A large meteorite collision, however, would probably create a sudden bright flash of light, and no extant historical records of the time mention such a flash. Some surviving Asian historical records of the time, however, mention a loud boom that would be consistent with a volcanic eruption. Therefore, the cooling was probably caused by a volcanic eruption. 研究历史上气候变化的学者发现在六世纪中叶，地球突然变冷了很多。尽管那个时期很少有历史记录被保存下来，一些在亚洲和欧洲所发现的记录提到了太阳变暗和极度的寒冷。要么是巨大的火山喷发，要么是撞击地球的大型小行星导致地球大气形成一大片尘埃云层，这阻止了一定的阳光导致全球温度显著下降。然而，大型小行星的撞击可能产生突然的强闪光，而现存的那时的历史记录中没有提到过这样的闪光。然而那时遗留下来的一些亚洲历史纪录提到过与一次火山喷发相一致的巨大隆隆声。因此，那时的温度下降多半是火山喷发导致的。 In this argument, the author concludes that the suddenly reducement of earth's temperature in the mid-sixth century is caused by a volcanic eruption. To substantiate this conclusion, the author cited some historical records showing a loud boom and the cold temperatures at the same time. The author said that either a huge volcanic eruption or a large meteorite colliding with Earth could have created this loud boom, since the latter one would create a sudden bright flash of light and no records of such flash exists, so the loud boom is definitely caused by volcanic eruption. Thus the cooling was cause by such eruption too. This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws. First of all, the author mentions some accounts found both in Asia and Europe record a dimming of the sun and extremely cold temperatures. On one hand, there is no evidence to support the claim that the dimming of the sun is the definitely reason to cause the cold temperatures. On the other hand, the limited records just in Asia and Europe can not represent the whole earth. The dimming of the sun in the two continents may be transitory and thus not enough to cause the earth suddenly became significantly cooler. Lacking sufficient information to relate the sun dimming in Asia and Europe of the cooler temperature of the whole earth, the premise of this argument is untenable. Secondly, the author said either a huge volcanic eruption or a large meteorite colliding with earth could have created a large dust throughout the atmosphere that would have been capable of blocking enough sunlight to lower global temperatures. These two conditions may be the case, but the problem comes out on how long and how big blocking can a volcanic eruption or a meteorite colliding create? To lower the global temperature needs a extremely long and big lust throughout the atmosphere of the earth, however, there is no information about this at all, thus we can not came to the conclusion. Thirdly, the author tells us that a large meteorite collision would create a sudden bright flash of light but there is no record about such a flash, thus the boom was caused by volcanic eruption. The author doe not provide any explanation to confirm us that a meteorite collision would create a bright flash of light. Even if this is the case, but no records does not mean no flash. We all know that such records are rare about the cooler temperature, maybe people saw the flash, but they did not record it; the there is another possibility that such records were destroyed by some reason. Lacking of detailed information of the reason of the loud doom, the author can not confidently conclude that the doom is consistent with a volcanic eruption. In sum, in order to prove that the cooler temperature is caused by a volcanic eruption rather than other reasons, the author should provide with more detailed and scientific information, records and data. |
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