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成语的英文翻译（搜集了好几个网站整理的，很全哦！）
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我去几个网站淘的，可能有些会有重复，就当是二次复习吧，呼呼：），希望对各位虫虫有所帮助！ 成语(set phrase)是习惯用语(idiomatic phrases)的一种，是人们在长期实践和使用过程中提炼出的语言结晶，也是修辞手段的集中体现。成语一般来自于古代经典、著名著作、历史故事、民间传说等，具有通常都具有鲜明的形象和浓厚的民族色彩特征。 由于人类生活的世界、人类的思维和情感有共通之处，因此，各种文化和语言也表现出一定的相融性和共同点。英语和汉语中的成语有些在语言形式和比喻形象方面十分相似，几乎可以完全一一对译，例如： 一箭双雕 to kill two birds with one stone 趁热打铁 to strike while the iron is hot 火上加油 to pour oil on the flame 晴天霹雳 like a bolt from the blue 浑水摸鱼 to fish in the troubled water 轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather 空中楼阁 castle in the air 破釜沉舟 to burn the boat 如履薄冰 to be on the thin ice 然而，英汉民族毕竟在地理环境、生活习俗、宗教信仰等方面存在相当的差异，所以，成语的产生和使用在两种文化中表现出各自不同的特色。例如，有些成语意思相近，但是使用的比喻形象有差别： 守口如瓶 as dumb as an oyster; as silent as the graves; as close as wax 一贫如洗 as poor as a Church mouse 健壮如牛 as strong as a horse 血流如注 to bleed like a pig to wake a sleeping dog 打草惊蛇 to cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴 to paint the lily 画蛇添足 to help a lame dog over a stile 雪中送炭 as easy as falling off a log 易如反掌 有些成语由于不同文化背景的缘故，无法通过字面的意思来理解其中的比喻意思，例如： in a pig’s whisper 低声地；顷刻间 hang on somebody’s sleeve 依赖某人 to be full of beans 精神旺盛 to get cold feet 感到怀疑、害怕或胆怯 a skeleton at the feast 扫兴的人或东西 粗枝大叶 to be crude and careless 扬眉吐气 to feel proud and elated 无孔不入 to take advantage of every weakness 大张旗鼓 on a large and spectacular scale 风雨飘摇 (of a situation)being unstable 此外，英语和汉语中都有一部分成语源于各自的寓言或历史典故，包含特定的人名和地名。这类成语如果按照字面直译，译语读者通常无法理解。如果加上许多解释，又失去了成语的精练特色，所以成为翻译中的难题，例如： 毛遂自荐 to volunteer one’s service (毛遂——战国时期人名) 初出茅庐 at the beginning of one’s career (出自《三国演义》的典故) 东施效颦 crude imitation with ludicrous effect (东施——古代一丑女的名字) 在另外的网站搜集内容： 1、Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余 "worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜 white night 不以物喜，不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 不打不成交 "No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财 Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎 let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home 脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 脚踩两只船 sit on the fence 君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 老生常谈，陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché 礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 "Where there is life, there is hope." 马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success 名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth 茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened 没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away. It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most. 谋事在人，成事在天 "The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. / Man proposes, God disposes. " 弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself. 拿手好戏 masterpiece 赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad 抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale 破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat； burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end 抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities 巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist./ One can't make bricks without straw. 千里之行始于足下a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step 前事不忘,后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 前人栽树,后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests. One sows and another reaps. 前怕狼,后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind/ hesitate in doing something 强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt- Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies. 强强联手 win-win co-operation 瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest. 人之初,性本善 Man's nature at birth is good. 人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man. 人海战术 huge-crowd strategy 世上无难事，只要肯攀登 "Where there is a will, there is a way. " 世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world; 死而后已 until my heart stops beating 岁岁平安 Peace all year round 上有天堂，下有苏杭 "Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth." 塞翁失马，焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing. 三十而立 "A man should be independent at the age of thirty. At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself." 升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products) 四十不惑 Life begins at forty. 谁言寸草心，报得三春晖 "Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass. " 水涨船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high. 时不我待 Time and tide wait for no man. 杀鸡用牛刀 break a butterfly on the wheel 实事求是 seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts 说曹操,曹操到 Talk of the devil and he comes. 实话实说 speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is 实践是检验真理的唯一标准 Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. 山不在高，有仙则名 "No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; " 韬光养晦 hide one's capacities and bide one's time 糖衣炮弹 sugar-coated bullets 天有不测风云 Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue 团结就是力量 Unity is strength. “跳进黄河洗不清” "eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean-- there's nothing one can do to clear one's name " 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 物以类聚，人以群分 Birds of a feather flock together. 往事如风 "The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is past." 望子成龙 hold high hopes for one's child 屋漏又逢连阴雨 Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours. 文韬武略 military expertise; military strategy 唯利是图 draw water to one's mill 无源之水,无本之木 water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots 无中生有 make/create something out of nothing 无风不起浪 There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire. 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后 Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 蓄势而发 accumulate strength for a take-off 心想事成 May all your wish come true 心照不宣 have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding 先入为主 First impressions are firmly entrenched. 先下手为强 catch the ball before the bound 像热锅上的蚂蚁 like an ant on a hot pan 现身说法 warn people by taking oneself as an example 息事宁人 pour oil on troubled waters 喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear 循序渐进 step by step 一路平安，一路顺风 speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest 严以律己,宽以待人 be strict with oneself and lenient towards others 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 有情人终成眷属 "Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well." 有钱能使鬼推磨 Money makes the mare go. Money talks. 有识之士 people of vision 有勇无谋 use brawn rather than brain 有缘千里来相会 Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination. 与时俱进 advance with times 以人为本 people oriented; people foremost 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼 "to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight." 欲速则不达 Haste does not bring success. 优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest 英雄所见略同 Great minds think alike. 冤家宜解不宜结 Better make friends than make enemies. 冤假错案 "cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases" 一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words. 招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful 债台高筑 become debt-ridden 致命要害 Achilles' heel 众矢之的 target of public criticism 知己知彼,百战不殆 Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 纸上谈兵 be an armchair strategist 纸包不住火 Truth will come to light sooner or later. 左右为难 between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place [ Last edited by 爱看星星的鱼 on 2006-7-12 at 10:32 ] |
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