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xunyu至尊木虫 (职业作家)
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【Springer2006年1月新书】Metal Catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids
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Metal Catalysed Reactions in Ionic Liquids (Catalysis by Metal Complexes) (Hardcover) Paul J. Dyson, Tilmann J. Geldbach Hardcover: 246 pages Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (January 9, 2006) Language: English ISBN: 140203914X www.rapidshare.de/files/25245119/Metal_Catalysed_Reactions_in_Ionic_Liquids.rar.html From http://www.ebooksclub.org/ TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1.1 A Brief History of Biphasic Catalysis 1 1.2 The Importance of Biphasic Catalysis 3 1.3 The Alternatives to Aqueous-Organic Biphasic Processes 5 1.4 Key Developments in the Chemistry of Ionic Liquids 6 1.5 General Properties of Ionic Liquids that Lend Themselves to Catalysis 9 1.6 References 11 2 Ionic Liquids – Properties and Preparation 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Composition and Physical Properties of Ionic Liquids 16 2.3 Synthesis of Ionic Liquids 24 2.4 Functionalised Ionic Liquids 29 2.5 Toxicological and Environmental Concerns 36 2.6 References 37 3 Hydrogenation 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Hydrogen Solubility in Ionic Liquids 43 3.3 Ionic Liquids in Hydrogenation Reactions 44 3.4 Homogeneous Catalysts 45 3.4.1 Monomolecular Catalysts 45 3.4.2 Cluster-Catalysed Hydrogenation Reactions 57 3.4.3 Transfer-Hydrogenation 58 3.5 Nanoparticle Catalysts 62 3.6 Supported Ionic Liquid Catalysis 65 3.7 Outlook 67 3.8 References 68 4 Hydroformylation 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Gas and Substrate Solubility in Ionic Liquids 73 4.3 Hydroformylation in Ionic Liquids 74 4.4 Ligand Design 79 4.5 Influence of the Solvent 81 4.6 Special Processes 83 4.7 Outlook 85 4.8 References 86 5 Oxidation Reactions 5.1 Oxidants 90 5.2 Ionic Liquids for Oxidation Reactions 91 5.3 Oxidation of Alkenes 92 5.3.1 Racemic Epoxidation 92 5.3.2 Enantioselective Epoxidation, Ring-Opening and Kinetic Resolution of Epoxides 96 5.3.3 Dihydroxylation 102 5.3.4 Formation of Ketones 108 5.4 Oxidation of Alcohols and Thiols 108 5.5 Other Oxidation Reactions 110 5.5.1 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones 110 5.5.2 Oxidation of Alkanes 111 5.5.3 Oxidation of Arenes 112 5.6 Conclusion 113 5.7 References 113 6 Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 Catalyst Stability in Ionic Liquid Mediated C-C Coupling Reactions 118 6.3 Heck Coupling Reactions 121 6.3.1 General Considerations 121 6.3.2 Heck Reactions with Homogeneous Catalysts 128 6.3.3 Microwave and Ultrasound Accelerated Reactions 133 6.3.4 Heck Reactions with Heterogeneous Catalysts 133 6.4 Other Palladium Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions 135 6.4.1 Suzuki Coupling Reactions 136 6.4.2 Stille Coupling Reactions 142 6.4.3 Negishi Coupling Reactions 145 6.4.4 Sonogashira Coupling Reactions 146 6.4.5 Homocoupling Reactions 147 viii 6.5 Allylic Alkylation 147 6.6 References 150 7 Olefin Metathesis 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 General Considerations 156 7.3 Task-Specific Catalysts 162 7.4 Ring -Opening Polymerisation 163 7.5 Concluding Remarks 164 7.6 References 164 8 Dimerisation Polymerisation 8.1 Dimerisation and Oligomerisation 167 8.1.1 Introduction 167 8.1.2 Nickel-Catalysed Reactions 168 8.1.3 Palladium-Catalysed Reactions 172 8.1.4 Dimerisation Reactions with other Metal-Catalysts 175 8.2 Polymerisation 177 8.2.1 Introduction 177 8.2.2 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) 177 8.2.3 Non-Radical Polymersiation Reactions 181 8.3 References 184 9 Miscellaneous Reactions 9.1 Halogenation and De-Halogenation 187 9.2 Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds 190 9.2.1 Aldol- and Mannich-Type Reactions 190 9.2.2 Carbonylation Reactions 193 9.2.3 Reactions Employing CO2 as Substrate 197 9.2.4 Synthesis of Bis(indoyl)methanes 198 9.2.5 Prins-Cyclisation 199 9.2.6 Synthesis of Cyanohydrines 200 9.2.7 Acetylation and Thioacetylation 201 9.3 Aromatic Substitution Reactions 202 9.3.1 Friedel-Crafts-Type Reactions 202 9.4 Cycloadditions 205 9.4.1 Diels-Alder-Reactions 205 9.4.2 Cylcopropanation 209 9.4.3 Other [2+2]-Cycloadditions 212 9.5 Isomerisation and Rearrangements 213 – ix 9.6 Additions Across Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds 215 9.6.1 Hydroamination 215 9.6.2 Hydroboration and Hydrosilylation 217 9.6.3 Hydrovinylation and Hydroarylation 219 9.6.4 Silylstannation 220 9.6.5 Sakurai-Reaction 221 9.6.6 Ferrier-Rearrangement 221 9.7 Concluding Remarks 222 9.8 References 222 Index 229 Abbreviations 243 [ Last edited by xunyu on 2006-7-8 at 20:04 ] |
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