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Îľä×ÓÀҲÓжٺÅ(¡¢)ºÍСȦ¶ù¾äºÅ(¡£)Âð£¿ÉÏÃæµÄ¾ä×ÓÒÔÓ¢ÎÄÀ´Ð´µÄ»°£¬¾ÍÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ
£º

Book, pen, paper, ink.

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²î±ð¡£ÏÂÃæ¾ÍÈÃÎÒÃÇ´ÓÒ»¸öÖÐÎÄÀïËùûÓеıêµã¿ªÊ¼°É¡£

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Ò»¡¢Apostrophe (')Ê¡×Ö·ûºÅ¡¢ËùÓиñ·ûºÅ

Õâ¸ö±êµãÔÚÖÐÎÄÀïÊÇûÓе컵«ÔÚÓ¢ÎÄÀïÈ´Ëæ´¦¿É¼û¡£Ö÷ÒªÓÃÔÚÏÂÁм¸·½Ã棺

* ±íʾËùÓиñ (ËùÓиñµÄ±ä»¯Ò²²»ÉÙ£¬ÏêϸÇéÐÎÈݺóÔÙ̸)
* Ëõдʽ
* ±íʾһЩÊý×Ö¡¢×Öĸ¡¢ÈÕÆÚ¡¢ËõдµÄ¸´ÊýÐÎʽ

1.1 ËùÓиñ (Possessives)×¢Ò⣺ÏÂÁÐËùÓиñÖ»ÓÃÔÚ¶¯Îï·½Ãæ)

1.1.1 ÔÚÃû´Ê(ÓÐÉúÃüµÄ)ºó¼ÓÉÏ 's ±íʾµ¥ÊýËùÓиñ£º

1. Sarah's coat is black.¡¡É¯À­µÄÍâÌ×ÊǺÚÉ«µÄ¡£(Sarah's=ɯÀ­µÄ)
2. The boy's hat.¡¡ (ÕâÄк¢ÓÐÒ»¶¥Ã±×Ó)
3. The boy's hats.¡¡(ÕâÄк¢Óкü¸¶¥Ã±×Ó)
4. Jones's office.¡¡(Jones Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸öÒô½Ú£¬½áβÊÇ s, ËùÓиñ¼Ó 's)
5. Jones'¡¡sweet tooth is legendary. (Jones µÄ½áβÊÇs, ¶ø½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ´ÊÓÖÒÔs¿ª
ʼ£¬ÄÇô£¬ËùÓиñ¾ÍÖ»¼Ó ' à¸,ÕæºÃÍæ£¡)
6. Moses' mouth is wide. (Moses µÄβÒôÓÐÖØ¸´µÄzÒô£¬ËùÓиñÖ»¼Ó ')
7. Louis' candy is sticky. (LouisÓв»Ö¹Ò»¸öÒô½Ú£¬½áβs£¬ËùÓиñÖ»¼Ó ' ¡£ÎªÊ²
Ã´ÄØ£¿ºÃÍæ¼«ÁË£¡)
8. My mother-in-law's house.¡¡(monther-in-law Ö®ÀàµÄ¸´ºÏÃû´Ê£¬ËùÓиñ's¼ÓÔÚ
½áβ´¦)
9.¡¡ The Surgeon General's report is due soon. (Surgeon GeneralÊǸ´ºÏ´Ê£¬Í¬
ÉÏ¡£)
======= °¥Ñ½£¡ÊDz»ÊǾõµÃºÜÂÒ£¿ÈÃÎÒÃǹéÄÉһϣº

A. Ò»°ãµ¥ÊýÃû´Ê(ÓÐÉúÃüµÄ!)£¬ËùÓиñÖ»ÔÚ½áβ¼Ó 's (µÚ1-3¾ä)
B. Èç¹ûµ¥ÊýÃû´ÊβÊÇs, »òce£¬ËùÓиñÖ»¼Ó '»ò 's (µÚ4¾ä)
C. Èç¹ûµ¥ÊýÃû´ÊβÊÇs, ¶ø¸ú×ÅÊÇÒÔS¿ªÍ·µÄ´Ê£¬ËùÓиñÖ»¼Ó ' (µÚ5¾ä)
D. Èç¹ûµ¥ÊýÃû´ÊβÒôÓÐÖØ¸´µÄs»òzÒô£¬»òÊÇeezÒô£¬ËùÓиñÖ»¼Ó ' (µÚ6¾ä)
E. Èç¹ûBÏîµÄÃû´ÊÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öÒô½Ú(syllable)£¬ËùÓиñÖ»ÄÜ¼Ó 's¡¡ (µÚ4¾ä)
F. Èç¹ûBÏîµÄÃû´ÊÓжþ¸öÒÔÉÏÒô½Ú£¬ËùÓиñÔòÖ»¼Ó '¡¡(µÚ7¾ä)
G. ¸´ºÏ´ÊÀà´¦Àí·¨Í¬A¡£(µÚ8-9¾ä)
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-
1.1.2¡¡¶þÈË(»òÆäËû¶¯Îï)ÒÔÉϵÄËùÓиñ±íʾ·¨£º

1. The boys' shoes.¡¡(ÔÚ¸´Êýboysβ¼ÓÉÏ '¶ø²»ÊÇ 's à¸)
2. The women's bags. (woman µÄ¸´ÊýÊÇ women, ËùÓиñÊÇ 's)
3. The children's caps. (child µÄ¸´ÊýÊÇ children£¬ºÍwomenͬÀàÐÍ£¬ËùÓиñ¼Ó
's)
4. The actresses' hats.¡¡(actress µÄ¸´ÊýÊÇ actresses£¬ÒòΪ½áβÊÇ es, Òò´ËËù
ÓиñÖ»¼Ó '±ã¿É)
5. The babies' toys.¡¡(baby µÄ¸´ÊýÊÇ babies£¬½áβÓÐes£¬Òò´ËËùÓиñÖ»¼Ó ')
6. Ms. Joneses' house. (Joneses ÊÇJones µÄ¸´Êý)
7. My mothers-in-law's house. (×¢ÒâÊÇmotherS ร¬ËùÓиñ»¹ÊÇ¼Ó 's)

=====ͬÑùÀ´¹éÄÉһϣº

A.¼òµ¥¸´ÊýÃû´Ê(ͬÑùÊÇÓÐÉúÃüµÄà¸)µÄËùÓиñд·¨ÊÇ£ºÏȽ«Ô­À´µ¥ÊýÃû´Ê½áβ¼Ós±ä³É
¸´Êý£¬È»ºóÔÚ½áβ´¦ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ '¼´³É¡£(µÚ1¾ä)
B. Èç¹û¸´ÊýÃû´ÊÊÇÓɸıäÆäÄÚµÄÔÏĸÐγɵģ¬ËùÓиñͬµ¥ÊýÃû´ÊÒ»Ñù£¬½áβ¼ÓÉÏ 's
(µÚ2-3¾ä)
C.Èç¹û¸´ÊýÃû´ÊβÊÇes, ËùÓиñÖ»¼Ó ' (µÚ4-6¾ä)
D.Èç¹ûÊǸ´Êý¸´ºÏÃû´Ê£¬ÔòÏȽ«Ö÷Òªµ¥ÊýÃû´Êת³É¸´Êý£¬È»ºóÔÚ¸´ºÏÃû´Êβ¼ÓÉÏ's
(µÚ7¾ä)

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1.1.3¡¡Èç¹ûÊǼ¸¸öÃû´Ê²¢ÁеÄ,ËùÓиñ 's ¼ÓÔÚ×îºóÒ»¸öÃû´Êβ£º

1. Joe and Linda's house is being sold.¡¡ÇǺÍÁÕ´ïµÄ·¿×ÓÒÑÂôÁË¡£(ÕâÀï±íʾ·¿
×ÓÊÇJoeºÍLindaËù¹²ÓÐ)
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1.1.4¡¡Èç¹û¼¸¸öÃû´ÊÊǸö±ð±íʾËùÓиñʱ£¬Ã¿¸öÃû´Êβ¶¼Ðë¼ÓÉÏ 's :

1.¡¡Mike's and Molly's grades have improved.¡¡Âõ¿ËºÍĪÀòµÄ³É¼¨ÒÑÓнø²½¡£(Õâ
Àï±íʾÂõ¿ËºÍĪÀò¸÷±ðµÄ³É¼¨¶¼Óнø²½)
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1.1.5¡¡²»¶¨Ê½Ãû´ÊµÄËùÓиñÊÇÔÚ´Êβ¼Ó 's£º

1. I need someone's help with my homework.¡¡(someone ָijÈË,ËùÓиñsomeone's
ijÈ˵Ä)
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1.1.6¡¡´úÃû´ÊµÄËùÓиñ²»¿É¼ÓÉÏ '»ò 's £º

1. Shella, whose eyes are blue?¡¡(whoseÄĸöÈ˵ģ¬ÒÑÓÐËùÓиñµÄÒâ˼)
2. This book is hers, not yours.¡¡(hersËýµÄ£¬yoursÄãµÄ)
3. It hurt its paw. (its ËüµÄ)
4. It's a nice day. (it's ÊÇ it is µÄÒâ˼,²»ÊôÓÚËùÓиñ)
5. That is your right. (your ÄãµÄ)
=================================================
1.2¡¡Ëõдʽ(Contractions):

1.2.1 ÔÚ×Ö´Ê¡¢ÈÕÆÚÖÐÒ»²¿·Ý×Öĸ»òÊý×Ö±»Ê¡ÂÔ£¬ÒÔ ' ´úÖ® ¡£

1. She wouldn't work for the gov't in '93.¡¡(wouldn't=would not,
gov't=government, '93=1993)

1.2.2¡¡Ãû×Ö¡¢Í·ÏεÄËõд¸ñʽ¿ÉÊ¡ÂÔ '

1. Lt. Wm. Jones visited us.¡¡(Lt. =Lieutenant, ²»¿Éд³É L't , Wm=William,
²»¿Éд³É W'm)
=================================================
1.3¡¡ ¸´ÊýÐÎʽ(Plurals):

1.3.1¡¡µ±Ò»¸ö´ÊÔÚ¾ä×ÓÀïÄÜÇå³þ·´Ó³Æä¸´ÊýÒâÒåʱ£¬²»¿ÉÔÙ¼Ó '£º

1.¡¡Don't give me any ifs, ands, or buts.¡¡(²»¿Éд³É if's , and's , but's)
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1.3.2¡¡¡¡ÔÚ¾ä×ÓÀµ±Ò»¸ö´Ê½ö½ö×÷Ϊһ¸ö´Êʱ£¬Æä¸´ÊýÐÎʽ¿É¼Ó 's ʹÆäº¬Òâ¸üÇå
Îú£º

1.¡¡He used twenty-five and's in one paragraph.¡¡ËûÔÚÒ»¶ÎÀïÓÃÁË25¸öand×Ö¡£
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1.3.3¡¡ ÈÕÆÚ¡¢ÊýÄ¿×Ö¡¢Ö»È¡Ê××ÖĸµÄËõд´Ê(acronyms)ÕâÀàÒÔ´óд×Öĸ½áβʱ£¬¸´
ÊýÐÎʽֻÐè¼ÓÉÏ s £¬²»±ØÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ ' :

1.¡¡Seven Ph.D.s lived in this building in the 1970s.¡¡(Ph.D.s ²»¿Éд³É
Ph.D.'s,¡¡1970s Ò²²»¿Éд³É 1970's)
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1.3.4¡¡ µ±Ò»¸ö´óд×ÖĸµÄ¸´ÊýÐÎʽ¿ÉÄܻᱻÎó½âʱ£¬¿É¼ÓÉÏ 's ÒÔ±íʾ¸´Êý£º

1.¡¡The Roman Numerals for the number eight is a V followed by three I's.
¡¡¡¡ ÂÞÂíÊý×ְ˵Äд·¨ÊÇVºó¼ÓÉÏÈý¸ö I ¡£(ÕâʱÈç¹û I's ֻд³É Is , ¾Í¿ÉÄÜÒýÆð
Îó½â)
=================================================

µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬ÎÒÃÇ̸ֻÁËÒ»¸öApostrophe¾ÍÓÐÕâô¶à¶¡¶¡¶«¶«¡£ËùÒÔÄã˵ӢÎıêµãºÃÍæ
²»ºÃÍæ£¿

±êµã(Punctuation)ºÃºÃÍæ(¶þ)

¶ººÅ/¶ºµãÔÚÖÐÎÄ»òÓ¢ÎÄÀïÊÇÔÙÆÕͨ²»¹ýµÄÒ»¸ö±êµã·ûºÅ£»¿ÉÊÇ£¬ËüµÄÓ÷¨ÔÚÖÐÎĺÍÓ¢
Àï¿É¾Í²»Ò»¶¨ÏàͬÁË¡£

¶þ¡¢Comma (£¬) ¶ººÅ¡¢¶ºµã

ÔÚÓ¢ÎÄÀ¶ººÅµÄÓÃ;ÓУº

* Á¬½Ó¾ä×ÓÀﲻͬµÄ³É·Ý
* ·Ö¿ª¾ä×ÓÀﲻͬµÄ³É·Ý
* Í»³ö¾ä×ÓÀïµÄij¸ö³É·Ý
* Ìæ´ú¾ä×ÓÀïµÄij¸ö³É·Ý
³É·ÝÖ¸£º´Ê¡¢¶ÌÓï(phrase)¡¢×Ó¾ä(clause)µÈ¡£

2.1¡¡Á¬½Ó¾ä×ÓÀﲻͬµÄ³É·Ý

¡¡¡¡ 2.1.1 ¶ººÅÓÃÔÚÒÔ and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet µÈÁ¬½Ó´ÊµÄÁ½¸öÖ÷Òª×Ó¾ä
Ö®¼ä£º

1. My father is fond of fishing, but my mother prefers hiking. (ÒÔ ,but Á¬
½ÓÁ½¸ö×Ó¾ä)

2. He painted the exterior of the house, and she painted the interior. (ÒÔ
,and Á¬½ÓÁ½¸ö×Ó¾ä)
========================================================
2.2¡¡·Ö¿ª¾ä×ÓÀﲻͬµÄ³É·Ý

¡¡¡¡ 2.2.1 ÓöººÅ·Ö¿ªÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵIJ¢ÁÐÐÎÈÝ´Ê£º(Èç¹û²¢ÁеÄÐÎÈÝ´ÊÖ®¼ä¿É¼ÓÉÏand,
butµÈ£¬ÄǾͼÓÉ϶ººÅ£»·ñÔò²»¿É)

1. That tall, distinguished, good looking fellow. (¿Éд³É He is a tall and
distinguished fellow.)

2.¡¡She is a little and old lady. (²»¿Éд³É She is a little, old lady.)
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¡¡¡¡ 2.2.2¡¡ÔÚÁ½¸öÐÞÊÎÖ÷ÓïµÄ¶ÌÓïÖ®¼ä¼ÓÉ϶ººÅ(¾ä¶Ì¿É²»¼Ó)£º

1. While waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night, she started
sneezing. (Ö÷Óïshe)

2.¡¡At 10 o'clock the bus arrived.¡¡(²»±ØÐ´³É At 10 o'clock, the bus
arrived.)
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¡¡¡¡2.2.3¡¡ÔÚ Jr., Sr., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., Inc., µÈÃû³ÆÖ®Ç°¼°ºó¶¼Òª¼ÓÉ϶º
ºÅ(³ýÁËËùÓиñµÄÃû³Æ):

1. They identified him as Howard R. Williams, Jr., chairman of their board.
(,Jr.,)

2.¡¡That is Howard R. Williams, Jr.'s company.¡¡(,Jr.'s¡¡ºóÃæ²»¿ÉÔÙ¼Ó¶ººÅ)
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¡¡¡¡2.2.4¡¡ÔÚ×·Îʾä֮ǰ¼Ó¶ººÅ£º

1.¡¡Do it, won't you?¡¡(Do it ÊÇÃüÁîÓïÆø£¬won't you?ÊÇ×·ÎÊ)

2.¡¡You know the answer, don't you?

3.¡¡It is warm today, isn't it?
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¡¡¡¡2.2.5¡¡Ò»¸öÒÔ¸±´Ê»ò¸±´Ê¶ÌÓ↑ͷµÄ¾ä×Ó£¬Èç¹ûËüºÍÇ°ÃæµÄ¾ä×ÓÓйØÁªµÄ»°£¬±Ø
ÐëÔÚÓйظ±´Ê»ò¸±´Ê¶ÌÓïºó¼ÓÉ϶ººÅ£º

1.¡¡She believed he had the talent to succeed.¡¡Unfortunately, he was lazy.
(ºóÒ»¸ö¾ä×ÓÒÔ¸±´Ê unfortunately ¿ªÍ·£¬Í¬Ê±Õâ¸ö¾ä×ÓºÍǰһ¸ö¾ä×ÓÓÐÖ±½ÓµÄ¹ØÁª)
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¡¡¡¡¡¡ 2.2.6¡¡ ÔÚ¾ä×ÓÀïÓг¬¹ýÈý¸ö²¢Áдʻò¶ÌÓïµÈ£¬ÔÚ×îºóÒ»¸ö£¬and, or, norµÈ
֮ǰ¼Ó¶ººÅ£º

1.¡¡He promised to supply the pencils, pens, and notebooks for the class.
(¼òµ¥Ëµ¾ÍÊÇ pencils, pens, notebooks Ҫд³É pencils, pens, and notebooks)

2.¡¡ Her mother sells tomatoes, potatoes, apples, and peaches. (...apples,
and...)

3.¡¡ She ran up the stairs, across the porch, and into the house.¡¡(up the
staris, across the porch, into the house ÊÇÈý¸ö¶ÌÓÔÚ×îºóÒ»¸ö¼Ó ,and)

4.¡¡ We all agreed that she was beautiful,¡¡that she was intelligent, and
that she was ambitious.¡¡(Èý¸ö that she was...¶¼ÊÇ×Ó¾ä )
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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2.2.7¡¡ ÔÚ¾ä×ÓÖмÓÉ϶ººÅ£¬ÒÔÃâÒýÆðÎó½â£º

1.¡¡That she knew where the money was, was news to me.¡¡(Èç¹ûwas, was Ö®¼ä
²»¼Ó¶ººÅ£¬ÊDz»ÊÇ»áÒýÆðÎó½âÄØ£¿)

2.¡¡Outside, the lawn was cluttered with hundreds of broken branches.
¡¡¡¡ ÍâÃæµÄ²ÝƺÉϵ½´¦ÊǶÏÖ¦¡£
¡¡¡¡ (Èç¹ûoutside ºóÈ¥µô¶ººÅ, ÄÇÒâ˼¾Í±ä³É¡°ÔÚ²ÝÆºµÄÍâÃæµ½´¦ÊǶÏÖ¦¡£¡±)
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¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2.2.8¡¡ ÓöººÅ·Ö¿ªÒýÓþ䣺

1.¡¡ ¡°You are beautiful,¡± he said.¡¡(Õâ¸ö¶ººÅÒª·ÅÔÚÒýºÅÄÚ)

2.¡¡¡¡Our teacher said, ¡°Freedom is not license.¡±¡¡(...said,)

3.¡¡ ¡°No,¡± she said, ¡°I was just testing your patience.¡± (No, /
....said,)

4.¡¡ ¡°Perhaps,¡±Tom responded, ¡°I will try anyway.¡± (Perhaps, /
responded,)
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2.2.9¡¡¡¡¶ººÅÓÃÒÔ·Ö¿ªÐÇÆÚ¡¢ÔÂÈÕ¡¢Äê·Ý£º

1.¡¡ On Monday, May 5,2000,¡¡her first child was born. (Monday, May 5,
2000, )

2.¡¡ On March 8, 2003,¡¡he bought a new car. (March 8, 2003, )

3.¡¡ June 2000 is one of the most meaningful of my life.¡¡(Ö»ÓÐÔºÍÄ꣬¾Í²»
±Ø¼Ó¶ººÅ)
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2.2.10¡¡ ¶ººÅÓÃÒÔ·Ö¿ªµØÃû¡¢Ê¡Ãû¡¢¹úÃû¡¢½ÖµÀÃû¡¢ÏïŪÃûµÈ£º

1.¡¡ Linda lives at 1234 Amarillo Ave., #1, Palo Alto, CA 94303, U.S.A.
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2.2.11¡¡ ¶ººÅÓÃÔÚ such as ºÍ especially µÄÇ°Ãæ£º

1.¡¡ They enjoy outdoor sports, such as hiking and riding.

2.¡¡ He likes all extracurricular activities, especially basketball
playing.
===========================================================
2.3¡¡¡¡Í»³ö¾ä×ÓÖÐij¸ö²åÈë³É·Ý(Parenthetical elements):
Ëùν²åÈë³É·Ý£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÔÚ¾ä×ÓÖÐÈ¥µôËüÒ²¿É³ÉÁ¢µÄ³É·Ý¡£²åÈë³É·ÝÒ»°ãÊǸÐ̾´Ê¡¢×´
Óï¡¢¸±´Ê×Ó¾äµÈ¡£

2.3.1¡¡¾ä×ÓÀï²åÈëµÄ´Ê¡¢¶ÌÓï¡¢×Ó¾äµÈ,¼ÓÉ϶ººÅÒÔʾ²åÈë³É·Ý£º

1.¡¡He knew, however, that no one would listen to his warning.¡¡( ²åÈë
however)

2.¡¡ No, you may not come with us.¡¡(²åÈë No)
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2.3.2¡¡ÓöººÅ·Ö¿ª¡°Ä˴˷DZˡ±µÄ½á¹¹£º

1.¡¡Jane, not Shirley, will attend the meeting.¡¡(ÊÇ Jane£¬²»ÊÇ Shirley)

2.¡¡He wanted to see Mr. Wu, not Mr. Hu. (ÊÇÎâÏÈÉú£¬²»ÊǺúÏÈÉú)

3.¡¡Some say the world will end in ice, not fire. (ÊDZù£¬²»ÊÇ»ð)

4.¡¡It was her money, not her charm or personality, that first attracted
him. (ΪµÄÊÇËýµÄ²Æ¸»£¬²»ÊÇΪÁËËýµÄåüÃÄ»ò¸öÐÔ)
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2.3.3¡¡¾äÖÐÓзÇÏÞÖÆÐԵĴʻò¶ÌÓïÖ®À࣬ÒÔ¶ººÅ±ê³öÒÔʾ²åÈë³É·Ý£º

1.¡¡Her husband, Bill, is a scientist. (Bill Ϊ²åÈë³É·Ý)

2.¡¡Kent Howard, my English teacher, is from America. (²åÈë³É·Ý my English
teacher)

3.¡¡Her father, who is a famous scholar, teaches English.(²åÈë³É·Ý who is a
famous scholar)

4.¡¡Eleanor, his wife of thirty years, suddenly decided to open her own
business. (ÊÔ½«²åÈë³É·Ý his wife of thirty years È¥µô£¬¾ä×ÓÊÇ·ñÒ²ÄܳÉÁ¢£¿)
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2.3.4¡¡¾äÖеijÇÊÐÃûÈç¹ûºÍËüµÄÊ¡¡¢ÖÝ¡¢¹úÃû²¢ÁУ¬Ê¡¡¢ÖÝ¡¢¹úÃûǰºóÐë¼Ó¶ººÅ£º

1.¡¡We visited Hartford, Connecticut, last summer. (Connecticut Ϊ²åÈë³É·Ý)
2.¡¡Paris, France, is sometimes called "The City of Lights." (France Ϊ²åÈë
³É·Ý)
3.¡¡Hartford, Connecticut's investment in the insurance industry is well
known.(Connecticut's ΪËùÓиñʽ£¬ºóÃæ²»¿É¼Ó¶ººÅà¸)
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2.3.5¡¡¾äÖдø×ÅÁ¬½Ó´Ê(but, and, or...)µÄ²åÈë³É·ÝµÄÇ°Ãæ²»¿É¼ÓÉ϶ººÅ£º

1.¡¡The Red Sox were leading the league at the end of May, but of
¡¡¡¡ course, they always do well in the spring. (but µÄºóÃæ²»¿É¼Ó¶ººÅ)

2.¡¡The Tigers spent much of the season at the bottom of the league, and
¡¡¡¡ even though they picked up several promising rookies, they expect to be
there again next year. (and µÄºóÃæ²»¿ÉÔÙ¼Ó¶ººÅ)
-----------------------------------------------------------
2.3.6¡¡ ÏòÈË˵»°Ê±£¬¶ººÅ·ÅÔÚ¶Ô·½Ãû×Ö»ò³ÆÎ½Ö®ºó¡¢Ö®Ç°»òÕßǰºó¶¼¼Ó£º

1.¡¡ John, come here.¡¡(John, ¶ººÅÔÚÃû×ÖÖ®ºó)

2.¡¡ Open the door, John.¡¡( ,John ¶ººÅ·ÅÔÚÃû×Ö֮ǰ)

3.¡¡ It is, Sir, not my fault.¡¡ ( , Sir, ¶ººÅ·ÅÔÚ³ÆÎ½Ç°ÃæºÍºóÃæ)
===========================================================
2.4¡¡¡¡Ìæ´ú¾ä×ÓÀïij¸ö³É·Ý

2.4.1¡¡ÓöººÅÌæ´ú¾ä×ÓÀïij²¿·Ý£¬±íʾ×ִʵÄÊ¡ÂÔ£º

1.¡¡The lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb, of meekness. (the lamb, of
meekness Ô­±¾Ó¦¸ÃÊÇ the lamb is the symbol of meekness)

2.¡¡George was the hard worker, John, the lazy one.¡¡(John, the lazy one Ô­
±¾Ó¦¸ÃÊÇ John was the lazy one)
===========================================================

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3.1¡¡¾äºÅÓÃÔÚ³ÂÊö¾ä¡¢Æíʹ¾ä¼°ÀñòÎʾäµÈµÄ¾äβ£º

3.1.1¡¡ÓÃÔÚ³ÂÊö¾ä(Declarative sentence)⣬±íʾ¾ä×Ó½áÊø£º

1. I am leaving now.

2. Ailan and Xiaodong are my friends.
-------------------------------------------------
3.1.2¡¡ ÓÃÔÚÆíʹ¾ä(Imperative sentence)⣬±íʾ¾ä×Ó½áÊø£º

1.¡¡Close the door.

2.¡¡Turn in your papers, please.
--------------------------------------------------
3.1.3¡¡ÓÃÔÚÀñòµÄ¡¢ÆíʹÐԵġ¢ÒÔ¼°¼ä½ÓÒÉÎʾä(Interrogative sentence)⣬±íʾ
¾ä×Ó½áÊø£º

1.¡¡Will you please send me three copies.¡¡Âé·³Äã¸øÎÒÈý·Ý¡£(²»Òª¿´µ½Will
you...¾ÍÔÚ¾äβ¼ÓÎʺÅà¸)

2.¡¡Since when am I supposed to believe this.¡¡ÎÒʲôʱºò»áÏàÐÅÕâ¸öÄØ¡£

3.¡¡He asked if you can come.¡¡ËûÎÊÄãÄܲ»ÄÜÀ´¡£
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3.2¡¡¾äºÅÓÃÔÚ±íʾËõд(Abbreviation, Acronym):

3.2.1 Ëõд´Ê(Abbreviation)£º(½«Ò»¸ö×Ö´ÊÊ¡ÂÔÆäÖÐijЩ×Öĸ,×ÖβÐë¼Ó¾äºÅ)

1.¡¡³Æºô£ºMr. = Mister,¡¡Mrs.= Misteress, Dr. = Doctor, Mim. = Ministor /
Ministry , Esq. = Esquire (ÏÈÉú)

2.¡¡Ê±¼ä£ºyr. = year, min.=minute

3.¡¡¡¡ÐÇÆÚ£ºMon. = Monday, Tues. = Tuesday, Wed. = Wednesday, Thurs. =
Thursday,¡¡Fri. = Friday,¡¡Sat. = Saturday, Sun. = Sunday

4.¡¡Ô·ݣºJan. = January, Feb. = February, Mar. = March, Apr. = April, Jun.
= June, Jul. = July, Aug./Ag. = August, Sept. = September, Oct. = October,
Nov. = November, Dec. = December¡¡(×¢Ò⣺oct. = octave°Ë¶È, nov. = novelist
С˵¼Ò, dec. = deceasedÍö¹Ê)

5.¡¡¹úÃû£ºAfr. = Africa / African,¡¡Aus. = Austria / Austrian, Fr. = France
/ French,¡¡Ger. = Germany,¡¡It. = Italy / Italian

6.¡¡¡¡ÆäËû£ºetc. = et cetera (µÈ), Xmas. = Christmas, min. = minimum /
minor, max. = maximum, pc. = piece, Ltd. = Limited, num. =number / numbers
(No. = Number µÚ¼¸ºÅÖ®Òâ)
-------------------------------------------------
3.2.2¡¡Acronym (ֻȡÊ××ÖĸµÄËõд´Ê)£º

1.¡¡¹«Ôª£ºA.D. = Anno Domin(¹«Ôª)£¬B.C. = Before Christ(¹«ÔªÇ°)

2.¡¡ÓÊÕþ£ºG.P.O. = General Post Office, C.O.D.= Cash on Delivery, P.O. /
p.o. = Postal Order, R.T.S. = Return To Sender

3,¡¡Ê±¼ä£ºa.m. /A.M. = ante meridiem ÉÏÎ磬 p.m. / P.M.= post meridiemÏÂÎç

4.¡¡¹úÃû£ºU.K. = United Kingdom, U.S.A. = United States of America

5.¡¡ÆäËû£ºF.O.C. = Free Of Charge, R.I.P. = Rest In Peace Ô¸Ëû°²Ï¢, r.p.m.=
Revolution Per Minute, P.T.O. / p.t.o. = Please Turn Over ·­ÏÂÒ³£¬P.T.A. =
Parent-Teachers' Association ¼Ò³¤½ÌʦЭ»á
-------------------------------------------------
Ò²ÐíÊÇ´ó¼Ò¾õµÃËõд´Êºó¼Ó¸öСºÚµãÊǼþÂ鷳ʣ¬Òò´ËÓÐЩ¾Í¸É´àÊ¡µôËü£¬ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»
Щ²»¼Ó¾äµãµÄËõд´Ê£º

1.¡¡×éÖ¯Ãû£ºUN,¡¡UNESCO,¡¡WTO

2.¡¡ÊýÄ¿£º$75 , 2nd¡¡,¡¡5th¡¡,¡¡Henry V

3.¡¡³£Óôʣºmemo ,¡¡math ,¡¡exam ,¡¡lab ,¡¡dorm ,¡¡TV ,¡¡CD ,¡¡VCD ,DVD,
PS =Postscript ¸½ÑÔ£¬SARS (ÏÖÔÚÊÇÎÞÈ˲»ÖªÆä´óÃûµÄÁË£¡)

4.¡¡¶ÈÁ¿ºâ: mm ,¡¡cm¡¡,¡¡km¡¡,¡¡g¡¡,¡¡mg ,¡¡ml , kw , kv
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3.3 ¾äºÅÓÃÔÚÊý×Ö·½Ã棺

3.3.1 ±íʾСÊýµã£º

1.¡¡$12.50 , £¤200.20 , RM4.45,¡¡50.45%,¡¡5.2 kg
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3.3.2¡¡ÓÃÓÚ´ó¸ÙÁÐ±í£º

Àý£º¡¡I.¡¡µÚһѧÆÚÌåÓý½Ìѧ
¡¡¡¡1. ÓÎÓ¾
¡¡¡¡¡¡ a.¡¡×ÔÓÉʽ

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(3), (b),¡¡(Iv)
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ËÄ¡¢Ellipsis (...) Ê¡ÂÔºÅ

Ó¢ÎÄÊ¡ÂԺŵÄд·¨ÊÇÈý¸öСºÚµã(...)£¬¶øÖÐÎÄÊÇÔòÊÇÁùµã(¡­¡­)¡£Ó÷¨ÈçÏ£º

4.1¡¡¾ä×Óɾ½Ú

4.1.1¡¡±íʾÔÚÒýºÅÖеÄɾ½Ú£º

1. ¡°...into that good night.¡±

2.¡¡¡°You won't...¡± Lois began. (´íÎ󣺡°You won't...,¡±)

3.¡¡¡°Then you'd blast off...on screen, as if you were looking out...of a
spaceship.¡±
-------------------------------------------------

4.1.2¡¡ÔÚ¾ä×ÓÖмäɾ½Ú£¬¸ú×ÅÊ¡ÂԺŵÄ×Öĸ±ØÐëСд£º

1. He agreed that prices were...reasonable.
-------------------------------------------------

4.1.3¡¡ ¾äβɾ½Ú£¬ÒªµãËĵã(....)£º

1. She disagreed with the decision.... (×îºóÒ»µãÊǾäºÅ? )
=================================================

4.2¡¡ ±íʾÔÚ¶Ô»°»òÐðÊöÖеÄÍ£¶Ù¡¢ÓÌÔ¥¡¢³ì³ù¡¢ÓïÆøÇ¿µ÷µÈ£º

1.¡¡Clutching at his throat, he gasped, ¡°Help...help me.¡±

2.¡¡He seemed nervous...stared straight ahead...kept twitching and
jerking...then he ran for shelter.

3.¡¡You mean...I...uh...we have a test today?
=================================================

4.3¡¡¶ÎÂäµÄɾ½Ú

4.3.1¡¡É¾½ÚÒ»¶ÎÒÔÉÏ£¬ÒÔÒ»ÐÐСµã´úÖ®£º

This is paragraph 1.

................................. (±íʾɾ½ÚµÚ2-4¶Î)

This is paragraph 5.
---------------------------------------------------

4.3.2¡¡Èç¹û¶ÎÂäɾ½Ú¿ªÊ¼¿ªÄ³¶ÎµÄÖм䣬µãËĵã±íʾÏÂÃæµÄÎÄ×Ö±»É¾½Ú£º

This is....¡¡(ÕâÀïµãËĵ㣬±íʾ´ÓÕâÀ↑ʼɾ½Ú)

....................(ÕâÀïµãÒ»ÐУ¬±íʾÆäÖеĶÎÂ䱻ɾ½Ú)

This is paragraph 5.
---------------------------------------------------

4.3.3¡¡ Èç¹ûɾ½ÚµÄ×îºóÒ»¶ÎֻʡÂÔÖмäµÄÒ»²¿·Ý£¬×îºóÒ»¶ÎµÄ¿ªÊ¼´¦µãÈýµã£º

This is paragraph 1.

................................

...is paragraph 5.¡¡(...±íʾËü֮ǰµÄµÚÎå¶ÎÎÄ×Ö±»Ê¡ÂÔ)
====================================================

4.4¡¡±íʾÁ¬½á (ÒÔÒ»³¤´®Ð¡ºÚµã±íʾ)

4.4.1¡¡ÓÃÓÚĿ¼£º

Chapter 3.........................................page 45

====================================================
Ò§¶¨Çàɽ²»·ÅËÉ£¬Á¢¸ùÔ­ÔÚÆÆÑÒÖС£Ç§Ä¥Íò»÷»¹¼á¾¢£¬Èζû¶«Î÷Äϱ±·ç¡£
2Â¥2006-05-23 11:39:52
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Îå¡¢Quotation Marks ÒýºÅ (µ±Ã»ÓÐÌØ±ð˵Ã÷ʱΪ˫ÒýºÅ¡°¡± Single Quotation
Marksµ¥ÒýºÅ¡® ¡¯)

5.1¡¡Ö±½ÓÒýÓã¬ÕâÊÇ×î³£¼ûµÄÓ÷¨£º

5.1.1¡¡ÒýºÅÄÚµÄÒýÓþäΪԭ¾ä£º

1. She said, ¡°Hurry up.¡± Ëý˵£º¡°¿ìµã¶ù¡£¡± (×¢ÒâÖС¢Ó¢±êµãÓ÷¨²»Í¬´¦)

2. ¡°I can come today,¡± she said, ¡°but not tomorrow.¡±

3.¡¡The sign changed from ¡°Walk,¡± to ¡°Don't walk,¡± to ¡°Walk¡± again
within 30 seconds.

4. ¡°I'm finally tired enough to get to sleep,¡± she yawned. (ÕâÀïµÄÒýÓþä
½áβÊǶººÅ£¬²»¿ÉÓþäºÅà¸)

5.¡¡They shouted,¡°Congratulations!¡± through the door.
-----------------------------------------------------
5.1.2¡¡Èç¹ûÒýÓþ䱾ÉíΪ³ÂÊö¾ä£¬¶øÕû¾äΪÎʾ䣬ÄÇÎʺžÍÒª¼ÓÔÚÒýºÅÖ®ºó£º

1. Did he say, ¡°I am going to college next year¡±? (×¢ÒâÊÇ¡°¡­¡­¡±£¿ÎʺÅÔÚ
ÒýºÅÖ®Íâà¸)

2. Do you agree with the saying,¡°A living dog is better than a dead lion¡±
?¡¡(Õû¾äÊÇÎÊÄãͬÒâÒýºÅÄÚµÄÄǾ仰Âð£¬ËùÒÔÎʺÅÒª¼ÓÔÚ¾äβ)
------------------------------------------------------
5.1.3¡¡Èç¹ûÒýÓþ䱾ÉíÊǸöÎʾ䣬ÄÇÎʺžÍÒª¼ÓÔÚÒýºÅÄÚ£º

1.¡¡ Did he say, ¡°Are you going to college next year?¡± (ÕâÀï¡°¡­¡­?¡±Õâ¸ö
ÎʾäÒª·ÅÔÚÒýºÅÄÚ¡£²»¿Éд³É Did he say, ¡°Are you going to college next
year?¡±?)

2. She asked, ¡°Will you still be my friend?¡±¡¡(¾äβͬÑù²»¿ÉÔÙ¼ÓÎʺÅà¸)
------------------------------------------------------
5.1.4¡¡ÒýÓõÄ×Ö»ò¶ÌÓïÈçÔÚÕû¾äÖв¢ÎÞÖжϣ¬Õâʱ¾Í²»±Ø¼ÓÉ϶ººÅ£º

1. The phrase ¡°lovely, dark and deep¡± begins to suggest ominous
overtones.
------------------------------------------------------
5.1.5¡¡ÈçÒýÓþäÊôÓÚ¾ä×ÓµÄÒ»²¿·Ý£¬ÔÚÒýºÅǰ¼ÓðºÅ(£º

1. My mother's favorite quote was from Shakespeare:¡°This above all, to
thine own self be true.¡±
------------------------------------------------------
5.1.6¡¡Èç¹ûÒýÓþäÄÚÓÖÓÐÒýÓþ䣬ÄǾÍÒªÓõ¥ÒýºÅ(¡® ¡¯)ÒÔÊ¾Çø±ð£º

1.¡¡George explained, ¡°I heard her say, ¡®Go away!¡¯so I left.¡±

2.¡¡He said, ¡°Mary said,¡®Do not treat me that way.¡¯¡± (×¢Òâ¾äβµÄ¾äºÅÊÇ
ÔÚµ¥ÒýºÅÄÚ£¬¶ø¾äβµÄµ¥ÒýºÅºÍË«ÒýºÅÖ®¼ä²»¿ÉÔÙ¼Ó±êµã)
-------------------------------------------------------
5.1.7¡¡ÒýÓþäÓÐÁ½¶ÎÒÔÉÏʱ£¬Ö»ÔÚÿһ¶Î¿ªÊ¼ÓÃÒýºÅ(¡°)£¬Ö±µ½½áÊø¶Î×îºó²Å¼ÓÒýºÅ
(¡±)£º

¡°This is paragraph 1¡¡¡¡¡¡ (ÕâÀïÖ»Óá°)
¡°This is paragraph 2¡¡¡¡¡¡ (ÕâÀïÒ²Ö»Óá°)
¡°This is paragraph 3.¡± (×îºó¾ÍÒªÓá°¡±)
-------------------------------------------------------
5.1.8¡¡¶àÈ˶Ի°Ê½ÒýÓþ䣬¸÷¶Ô»°¸÷Õ¼Ò»¶Î£º

¡°I'll do my best,¡±he said. (ÒýÓþä½áβÓõÄÊǶººÅ£¬¶ø²»ÊǾäºÅ,ÒòΪ½Ó×ÅÓÐhe
said)
¡°How old is he?¡±she asked.
¡°According to his passport he's thirty-one.¡± (ÕâÀïµÄÒýÓþä½áβÓþäºÅ£¬Òò
ΪûÓÐhe said)
¡°And what is his real name?¡±
¡°Wilson.¡±
¡°Edward Wilson,¡±she said softly.
==================================================
5.2¡¡ ÒýÓþäÊô¡°ÎÞÉù¶Ô»°¡±£¬¼Ó²»¼ÓÒýºÅ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ£º

1.¡¡Oh, what a beautiful morning, Curly said to himself.¡¡(Oh, what a
beautiful morning Õâ¾ä»°ÊÇCurly ¶Ô×Ô¼ºËµµÄ£¬²¢Ã»·¢³öÉùÒô,²»±Ø¼ÓÉÏÒýºÅ)

2.¡¡ ¡°Oh, what a beautiful morning!¡± Curly said to himself.¡¡(¼ÓÉÏÒýºÅÒ²
ÐÐ)
==================================================
5.3¡¡ ¼ä½ÓÒýÓÃÓï²»¿É¼ÓÉÏÒýºÅ£º

1. The President said that NAFTA would eventually be a boon to small
businesses in both countries.¡¡(The President said ºóÃæµÄ»°²¢·ÇÔ­»°£¬Òò´Ë²»
±Ø¼ÓÉÏÒýºÅ)

2,¡¡Professor Villa told her students the textbooks were not yet in the
bookstore.
==================================================
5.4¡¡ ÎÄÕ¡¢±¨¸æ¡¢ÆÀÂÛ¡¢¶Ìƪ¹ÊÊ¡¢Ê«¸è¡¢Ï·¾ç¡¢µçÓ°µÈ±êÌâ/ƪÃû¶¼ÓÃÒýºÅ

5.4.1¡¡ÔÚ¾ä×ÓÖÐÌáµ½µÄ±êÌâ»òƪÃûÓÃË«ÒýºÅ(¡°¡±)£º

1. My favorite short story is ¡°The Treasure.¡± (¾äβµÄ¾äºÅ·ÅÔÚÒýºÅÄÚÊÇÃÀ¹ú
ʽµÄ£»Ó¢¹úʽµÄÔò·ÅÔÚÒýºÅÍâ¡°The Treasure¡±.)

2. My favorite peom is Robert Frost's ¡°Design.¡±

3. The poem ¡°Trees¡± was written by Joyce Kilmer. (¡°Trees¡±ÔÚ¾äÖУ¬²»¿É¼Ó
ÆäËû±êµã)

4. ¡°The Time Machine¡± is my favorite film.

5.¡¡What do you think of William Shakespeare's ¡°Henry V¡±? (³ýÁ˾äºÅ¼°¶º
ºÅ£¬ÆäËûÈçÎʺŵȵÄλÖã¬ÐëÊÓ¾ä×Ó¶ø¶¨)
--------------------------------------------------------
5.4.2¡¡ ÔÚ±¨Õ±êÌâÖгöÏÖµÄÒýºÅ£¬Ó¦Îªµ¥ÒýºÅ(¡® ¡¯):

1. Congress Cries ¡®Shame!¡¯
===================================================
5.5¡¡ÌØÊâ´Ê»ã

5.5.1¡¡µ±ÒýºÅ¼ÓÔÚÒ»¸öרÃÅÊõÓï»òÌØ±ðÇ¿µ÷µÄ´Ê»ãÉÏʱ£¬ÒýºÅǰ²»¿É¼Ó¶ººÅ£º

1.¡¡Doctors refer to the red blemish as an ¡°hemangioma.¡± (²»¿Éд³É...as
an, ¡°hemangioma.¡±)

2.¡¡Sartre's treatment of ¡®being¡¯,as opposed to his treatment of
¡®non-being¡¯, has been thoroughly described in Kaufmann's book.¡¡(ÕÜѧÉϵÄ
¹Ø¼ü¸ÅÄîÓ¦Óõ¥ÒýºÅ£¬Ææ¹Öà¸)

±êµã(Punctuation)ºÃºÃÍæ(Îå)

Áù¡¢Colons ( ðºÅ

ðºÅÔÚÖÐÎÄ»òÓ¢ÎÄÀï¶¼ÊÇÒ»¸öÏ൱³£¼ûµÄ±êµã·ûºÅ£¬ÔÚÓ÷¨ÉÏÒ²´óÖÂÒ»Ñù¡£
×¢Ò⣺
* ðºÅǰ²»¿ÉÓпոñ
* ðºÅºó¿É¼ÓÒ»¿Õ¸ñ
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´ó¼ÒÏÈÀ´¿´¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£¬ÄãÒÔΪ¾ä×ÓÖеÄðºÅÓ÷¨¶ÔÂð£¿

For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and
a flashlight.

Èç¹ûÄãµÄ´ð°¸ÊǶԣ¬ÄÇÄã¾Í´íÁË£¡ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö³£¼ûµÄðºÅÓ÷¨ÉϵĴíÎó¡£ÕýÈ·µÄÓ÷¨£¬¿´
ÏÂÈ¥¾Í»áÃ÷°×ÁË¡£ÕâÀïÇÒÈÃÎÒÃÇ´Ó×î¼òµ¥µÄÓ÷¨¿ªÊ¼°É¡£
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6.1¡¡Ã°ºÅÓÃÔÚ¹«º¯ÉÏÊÕÐÅÈ˵ijƺô

Dear Sir: (Äã¿´£¬Ã°ºÅǰûÓÐÈκοոñà¸)

We were very honored to have you come visit our company.
============================================
6.2¡¡Ã°ºÅÓÃÓÚ·Ö¿ª±êÌâºÍ¸±±êÌâ(µ±Ò»±êÌâÐèÒª½øÒ»²½ËµÃ÷ʱËù¼ÓÉϵĸ±±êÌâ)

1. Math Applications: Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks
(±êÌâMath ApplicationsºÍ¸±±êÌâUsing Calculus to Determine the Age of RocksÖ®
¼äÒÔðºÅ¸ô¿ª)

2. I recommend Chinnery's book Oak Furniture: the British Tradition. (Oak
FurnitureÊÇÊéÃû£¬the British TraditionÊǸ±±êÌâ)
=============================================
6.3¡¡Ã°ºÅ±ØÐë¼ÓÔÚÍêÕû¾ä×Ó»ò¶ÀÁ¢×Ó¾äÖ®ºó

×î³£¼ûµÄðºÅÓ÷¨ÉϵĴíÎó¾ÍÊǽ«Ã°ºÅ·ÅÔÚÍêÕû¾ä»ò¶ÀÁ¢×Ó¾äµÄÖм䡣¿´¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó
£º

Every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.

ÆäÖÐEvery repairman must haveÊDz»ÊÇÓÐÍêÕûµÄÒâË¼ÄØ£¿ÏÔÈ»Òâ˼²¢²»ÍêÕû¡£Òò´Ë¾ä
×ÓÖеÄðºÅÊǶàâŵġ£Èç¹ûÒªÓÃðºÅµÄ»°£¬ÉÏÃæ¾ä×ÓÓ¦¸Ãд³ÉÏÂÃæµÄÑù×Ó£º

There are three things every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer,
and a saw.

¿´¿´Ã°ºÅǰThere are three things every repairman must have£¬ËüÊDz»ÊÇÓÐÍêÕûµÄ
ÒâË¼ÄØ£¿¡°Ã¿Ò»Î»ÐÞÀíÔ±±Ø±¸ÈýÑù¶«Î÷¡±¿É¼ûÒâ˼ÊÇÍêÕûµÄ£¬ËäÈ»Ä㻹»áÎÊÊÇÄÄÈýÑù¶«
Î÷ÄØ£¿Òò´ËðºÅºóÃæ¾ÍÁгöÄÇÈýÑù¶«Î÷ÁË¡£

ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÖªµÀÔÚðºÅǰ±ØÐëÊǵÄÍêÕûÒâ˼µÄ¾ä×Ó»ò×Ӿ䣬¸úðºÅºóµÄ¿É²»Ò»¶¨ÊǸö¾ä×Ó
»ò×Ӿ䡣Ëü¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸öÁÐ±í£¬ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÄÜÖ»ÊÇÒ»¸öµ¥´Ê¡£Òò´ËÇ°Ãæ¾ÙµÄÄǸöÀý×Ó´íÔÚÄÄÀï
Ò²¾ÍÃ÷°×Á˰ɡ£ÏÂÃæ¸ø³öËüµÄÕýÎó¾ä£º

´íÎó¾ä£ºFor our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food,
water, and a flashlight.

ÕýÈ·¾ä£ºFor our camping trip, I brought various essential items: a lantern,
a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.
--------------------------------------------
6.3.1 һЩÀý×Ó

1. Africa is facing a terrifying problem: perpetual drought(³ÖÐø¸Éºµ). (ðºÅ
ºó˵Ã÷·ÇÖÞËùÃæ¶ÔµÄÀ§¾³)

2.¡¡The situation is clear: if you have unprotected sex with a stranger, you
risk AIDS. (˵Ã÷ÄãµÄ´¦¾³ÊÇʲô)

3.¡¡She was sure of one thing: she was not going to be a housewife. (˵Ã÷Ëý
¿Ï¶¨µÄÊÇʲôÊÂ)

4.¡¡We found the place easily: your directions were perfect. (˵Ã÷ΪʲôÄÇô
ÈÝÒ×ÕÒµ½ÄǸöµØ·½)

5.¡¡Several friends have provided me with inspiration: Tim, Ian, and above
all, Larry. (˵Ã÷ÊÇÄöÅóÓÑ)
------------------------------------------------
6.3.2¡¡·´¹ýÀ´Ò²ÐÐ

1.¡¡Saussure, Sapir, Bloomfield, Chomsky: all these have revolutionized
linguistics in one way or another.
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6.4¡¡Ã°ºÅÓÃÓÚ×¢Ã÷ÒýÓÃÊ¥¾­µÄÕ½Ú

1. The story of Menahem is found in II Kings 15:1422.
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6.5¡¡Ã°ºÅÓÃÓÚ±íʾ±ÈÀý

1. Among students of French, women outnumber men by more than 4:1. (4:1=4±È
1,ÓÃÎÄ×Ö˵¾ÍÊÇby more than four to one)
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