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Nature Contents 11 May 2006 (Vol. 441 pp.127-254)
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---------------------- NEWS AND VIEWS ---------------------- Vaccines: Engineering immune evasion One obstacle to realizing the promise of viral vectors for vaccine delivery is pre-existing immunity to such vectors. An adroit application of structure-based design points to a way around that problem. John R. Mascola http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441161a.html Solar system: Interplanetary kidnap Triton, Neptune's largest moon, was probably part of a two-body object similar to the Pluto¨CCharon system. This tandem might have been ripped apart when it strayed too close to the planet that Triton is now orbiting. Alessandro Morbidelli http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441162a.html Cell biology: Cracking the calcium entry code A sharp increase in the concentration of calcium ions in a cell is a key biological signal. Now a vital component of a major route by which calcium ions flow into cells has been identified. Anant B. Parekh http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441163a.html Chemistry: A catalytic knight's move The reactivity of inert hydrocarbons can be transformed by a catalytic double act. With the ability to manipulate the lengths of the resulting carbon chains, this development opens up fresh vistas. Robert H. Crabtree http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441165a.html Immunology: What does it mean to be just 17? For a long time it was thought that there are only two types of T helper cell. But it is becoming clear that there may be other lineages that influence inflammatory responses in certain circumstances. Cristina M. Tato and John J. O'Shea http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441166a.html 50 & 100 years ago http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441167a.html Thermodynamics: When a phase is born Phase changes in matter generally occur by building up from small nuclei of the new phase. Scattering experiments and computer simulations reveal the characteristic size of the smallest of these nuclei. Pablo G. Debenedetti http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441168a.html Analytical chemistry: Cause for a llama Richard Webb http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441169a.html Geochemistry: The noble art of recycling Xenon trapped beneath Earth's crust provides clues to how our planet evolved, but quantifying atmospheric contamination has been impossible. The latest analysis surmounts a barrier to our understanding. Takuya Matsumoto http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441169b.html ---------------------- BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ---------------------- Diving insects boost their buoyancy bubbles Underwater backswimmers use their haemoglobin to help them stay stationary while waiting for prey. Philip G. D. Matthews and Roger S. Seymour Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/abs/441171a.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/441171a.html COMMUNICATIONS ARISING Corrigendum: Sporting contests: Seeing red? Putting sportswear into context http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04848.html ---------------------- ARTICLES ---------------------- Systems biology approaches identify ATF3 as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 4 A three-body gravitational encounter between a binary system -- with properties like that of the Pluto-Charon -- and Neptune is the most likely explanation for the capture of Triton. Mark Gilchrist, Vesteinn Thorsson, Bin Li, Alistair G. Rust, Martin Korb, Kathleen Kennedy, Tsonwin Hai, Hamid Bolouri and Alan Aderem Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04768.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04768.html A mutation in Orai1 causes immune deficiency by abrogating CRAC channel function Stefan Feske, Yousang Gwack, Murali Prakriya, Sonal Srikanth, Sven-Holger Puppel, Bogdan Tanasa, Patrick G. Hogan, Richard S. Lewis, Mark Daly and Anjana Rao Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04702.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04702.html Seawater subduction controls the heavy noble gas composition of the mantle The xenon isotopic composition of mantle gases from a natural gas field indicates that heavy noble gases are reintroduced into the mantle at subduction zones -- providing an important constraint for future models of convection in the Earth. Greg Holland and Chris J. Ballentine Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04761.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04761.html ---------------------- LETTERS ---------------------- Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary¨Cplanet gravitational encounter Craig B. Agnor and Douglas P. Hamilton Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04792.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04792.html Local switching of two-dimensional superconductivity using the ferroelectric field effect A model oxide system based on high-quality heterostructures allows the ferroelectric field effect approach to be studied -- including a switch between superconducting and normal modes. K. S. Takahashi, M. Gabay, D. Jaccard, K. Shibuya, T. Ohnishi, M. Lippmaa and J.-M. Triscone Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04731.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04731.html Strained silicon as a new electro-optic material Depositing a straining layer on top of a silicon waveguide breaks the crystal symmetry of silicon and induces a significant electro-optical effect -- which could replace electronic components in modern computers with much faster optical alternatives. Rune S. Jacobsen, Karin N. Andersen, Peter I. Borel, Jacob Fage-Pedersen, Lars H. Frandsen, Ole Hansen, Martin Kristensen, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, Gaid Moulin, Haiyan Ou, Christophe Peucheret, Beata Zsigri and Anders Bjarklev Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04706.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04706.html Discovery of a 25-cm asteroid clast in the giant Morokweng impact crater, South Africa The discovery of a large 25-cm fossil meteorite and several smaller fragments allows for an unambiguous characterization of an impactor at a large crater. W. D. Maier, M. A. G. Andreoli, I. McDonald, M. D. Higgins, A. J. Boyce, A. Shukolyukov, G. W. Lugmair, L. D. Ashwal, P. Greser, E. M. Ripley and R. J. Hart Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04751.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04751.html New carbon dates link climatic change with human colonization and Pleistocene extinctions Radiocarbon data from bones suggests that the faunal change from the transition between Pleistocene and Holocene was a function of ecological and vegetational change rather than human-induced 'overkill'. R. Dale Guthrie Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04604.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04604.html Sympatric speciation in palms on an oceanic island Two species of Howea palm endemic to the remote Lord Howe Island are sister taxa and diverged from each other well after the island was formed 6.9 million years ago -- providing clear support for sympatric speciation. Vincent Savolainen, Marie-Charlotte Anstett, Christian Lexer, Ian Hutton, James J. Clarkson, Maria V. Norup, Martyn P. Powell, David Springate, Nicolas Salamin and William J. Baker Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04566.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04566.html Future fitness and helping in social queues In hover wasps, helpers forfeit or delay their own reproduction to rear the offspring of a dominant female -- but individuals work less hard when they stand to lose more future fitness through working. Jeremy Field, Adam Cronin and Catherine Bridge Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04560.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04560.html Specification of the neural crest occurs during gastrulation and requires Pax7 In chicks, the neural crest originates before gastrulation -- at a much earlier stage than previously thought -- and the transcription factor Pax7, one of the earliest markers for neural crest, is required for its initiation. Mart¨ªn L. Basch, Marianne Bronner-Fraser and Mart¨ªn I. Garcia-Castro Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04684.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04684.html Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value Camillo Padoa-Schioppa and John A. Assad Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04676.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04676.html A trehalose metabolic enzyme controls inflorescence architecture in maize The simple disaccharide trehalose may act as a developmental signal to regulate inflorescence architecture, which is critical for maize crop yields -- this role also seems to be conserved in crops of other cereals. Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa, Nobuhiro Nagasawa, Simon Malcomber, Hajime Sakai and David Jackson Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04725.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04725.html Transforming growth factor-¦Â induces development of the TH17 lineage Paul R. Mangan, Laurie E. Harrington, Darrell B. O'Quinn, Whitney S. Helms, Daniel C. Bullard, Charles O. Elson, Robin D. Hatton, Sharon M. Wahl, Trenton R. Schoeb and Casey T. Weaver Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04754.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04754.html Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells Estelle Bettelli, Yijun Carrier, Wenda Gao, Thomas Korn, Terry B. Strom, Mohamed Oukka, Howard L. Weiner and Vijay K. Kuchroo Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04753.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04753.html Hexon-chimaeric adenovirus serotype 5 vectors circumvent pre-existing anti-vector immunity Replacing parts of a viral capsid protein with those from a related virus can circumvent pre-existing antibody immunity -- without compromising its intrinsic imunogenicity. Diane M. Roberts, Anjali Nanda, Menzo J. E. Havenga, Peter Abbink, Diana M. Lynch, Bonnie A. Ewald, Jinyan Liu, Anna R. Thorner, Patricia E. Swanson, Darci A. Gorgone, Michelle A. Lifton, Angelique A. C. Lemckert, Lennart Holterman, Bing Chen, Athmanundh Dilraj, Angela Carville, Keith G. Mansfield, Jaap Goudsmit and Dan H. Barouch Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04721.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04721.html A mechanical explanation of RNA pseudoknot function in programmed ribosomal frameshifting Cryoelectron microscopic imaging is used to visualize a translating ribosome stalled during frameshifting. Olivier Namy, Stephen J. Moran, David I. Stuart, Robert J. C. Gilbert and Ian Brierley Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04735.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04735.html ***** |
2Â¥2006-05-13 08:19:04














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