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Evolution of H3N8 equine influenza virus from 1963 to 1991

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L. Oxburgh, a, M. Berga, B. Klingebornb, E. Emmothb and T. Linnéa

aDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Unit of Molecular Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomedical Centre, Box 585, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden

bDepartment of Virology, Swedish National Veterinary Institute, Biomedical Centre, Box 585, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden

Received 2 February 1994;  revised 11 July 1994;  accepted 14 July 1994.  Available online 13 November 2002.

Abstract
The antigenic properties of H3N8 influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of equine influenza in Sweden between 1979 and 1991 have been studied in hemagglutination inhibition tests with polyclonal and monoclonal antisera, and antigenic drift of the virus has been demonstrated. To clarify the basis of the antigenic drift, amino acid sequences of the globular head regions (HA1 of the hemagglutinin membrane glycoproteins of virus strains from 1979, 1984, 1988 and 1990 have been deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin genes, and the sequence information has been used to construct a phylogenetic tree of H3N8 equine influenza strains. Several strains from previous studies have been included to give a clearer picture of viral evolution in an international context.

Keywords: Equine influenza virus H3N8; Virus evolution; Hemagglutination
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