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[½»Á÷] Nature Contents 20 April 2006 (Vol. 440 pp.969-1088)

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TWENTY YEARS ON: Chernobyl and the future of nuclear power
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Commentary p. 993; Editorial p. 969£©


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A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by  -rays from
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£¨Letter p. 1018; News and Views£©


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Experimental determination of entanglement with a single measurement
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Climate sensitivity constrained by temperature reconstructions over the past
seven centuries
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Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes
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A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum
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NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Neuroscience: Spikes too kinky in the cortex?
The Hodgkin-Huxley theory that explains the mechanism of how neurons fire
forms the cornerstone of computational neuroscience. But something it hasn¡¯
t predicted is happening in the brain cortex.
Boris Gutkin and G. Bard Ermentrout
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7087/full/440999a.html

Glaciology: Ice-sheet plumbing in Antarctica
It's not easy to work out what is going on beneath four kilometres of ice.
But remote imaging has enabled the discovery of the long-distance discharge
of water from one subglacial lake to another in Antarctica.
Garry K. C. Clarke
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401000a.html

Evolution: Spot on (and off)
The repeated appearance and loss of a spot on the wings of fruitflies during
their evolution is caused by mutations in one gene. This finding provides an
unprecedented window on the genetics of convergent evolution.
Gregory A. Wray
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401001a.html

Astronomy: Trouble at first light
The question of how much light the first stars produced is fundamental to
models of the Universe¡¯s development. But observations have so far failed
to agree: is the answer a lot, or not very much at all?
Piero Madau
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401002a.html

----------------------
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
----------------------
Biomechanics: A pneumo-hydrostatic skeleton in land crabs
A sophisticated dual support system enables a crab to stay mobile
immediately after moulting.
Jennifer R. A. Taylor and William M. Kier
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7087/abs/4401005a.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401005a.html

----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Weak pairwise correlations imply strongly correlated network states in a
neural population
Collective behaviour in neurons in the vertebrate retina is described
quantitatively by models that capture the observed pairwise correlations,
but assume no higher order interactions.
Elad Schneidman, Michael J. Berry, II, Ronen Segev and William Bialek
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04701.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04701.html

Crystal structure of an Hsp90-nucleotide-p23/Sba1 closed chaperone complex
The structure of full-length Hsp90 in association with an ATP analogue and a
co-chaperone details for the first time how ATP binding changes Hsp90's
conformation, and how the co-chaperone stabilizes the overall structure so
that target proteins can bind.
Maruf M. U. Ali, S. Mark Roe, Cara K. Vaughan, Phillipe Meyer, Barry
Panaretou, Peter W. Piper, Chrisostomos Prodromou and Laurence H. Pearl
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04716.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04716.html

----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by [gamma]-rays
from blazars
F. Aharonian et al.
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04680.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04680.html

Experimental determination of entanglement with a single measurement
Experimental characterization of entanglement -- a vital resource for
quantum information applications -- is difficult, but this study reports a
direct, quantitative measurement of entanglement in a simple linear optics
set-up.
S. P. Walborn, P. H. Souto Ribeiro, L. Davidovich, F. Mintert and A.
Buchleitner
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04627.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04627.html

Polarons and confinement of electronic motion to two dimensions in a layered
manganite
An even more extreme version of the ¡®confinement¡¯ effect -- when electron
charge motion in layered transition-metal oxides is highly anisotropic,
ranging from metallic within the plane of the layers to near insulating in
the perpendicular direction -- is reported in a layered manganese oxide.
H. M. R??nnow, Ch. Renner, G. Aeppli, T. Kimura and Y. Tokura
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04650.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04650.html

Climate sensitivity constrained by temperature reconstructions over the past
seven centuries
Use of large-ensemble energy balance modelling to simulate temperature
response to past solar, volcanic and greenhouse gas forcing suggests a very
small probability that climate sensitivity will exceed 7 degrees Celsius.
Gabriele C. Hegerl, Thomas J. Crowley, William T. Hyde and David J. Frame
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04679.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04679.html

Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes
Observation of surface elevation changes over 16 months in an area of the
East Antarctic ice sheet overlying subglacial lakes suggests a rapid
discharge of one lake to at least two other lakes, involving a water volume
of 1.8 km3 -- in conflict with previous expectations that subglacial lakes
have long residence times and slow circulations.
Duncan J. Wingham, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew Shepherd and Alan S. Muir
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04660.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04660.html

A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum
A new species of fossil snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacral region is
likely to be the most primitive snake yet known -- its features indicating a
terrestrial, perhaps burrowing origin of snakes, rather than the marine
origin that is sometimes suggested.
Sebasti??n Apestegu??a and Hussam Zaher
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04413.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04413.html

Evolution of cooperative strategies from first principles
A computer model that lets notional organisms make their own rules as they
go along results in a rich ecology of cooperative behaviour never before
seen in such simulations, in which cooperative ¡®starlings¡¯ and ¡®ravens¡¯
are added to the expected ¡®hawks¡¯ and ¡®doves¡¯ of game theory.
Mikhail Burtsev and Peter Turchin
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04470.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04470.html

DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the
human lineage
Michael C. Zody et al.
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04689.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04689.html

Repeated morphological evolution through cis-regulatory changes in a
pleiotropic gene
Male wing pigmentation pattern involved in courtship display has been gained
and lost multiple times in a Drosophila clade, each of the cases analysed
(two gains and two losses) involving regulatory changes at the pleiotropic
pigmentation gene yellow.
Benjamin Prud¡¯homme, Nicolas Gompel, Antonis Rokas, Victoria A. Kassner,
Thomas M. Williams, Shu-Dan Yeh, John R. True and Sean B. Carroll
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04597.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04597.html

Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-¦Á
David Stellwagen and Robert C. Malenka
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04671.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04671.html

Unique features of action potential initiation in cortical neurons
Bjorn Naundorf, Fred Wolf and Maxim Volgushev
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04610.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04610.html

Enhanced bacterial clearance and sepsis resistance in caspase-12-deficient
mice
Caspase-12 directly inhibits caspase-1 and so diminishes the production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines -- meaning mice without caspase-12 are therefore
better equipped to combat bacteria than normal mice and become resistant to
peritonitis and septic shock.
Maya Saleh, John C. Mathison, Melissa K. Wolinski, Steve J. Bensinger,
Patrick Fitzgerald, Nathalie Droin, Richard J. Ulevitch, Douglas R. Green
and Donald W. Nicholson
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04656.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04656.html

Spatiotemporal dynamics of RhoA activity in migrating cells
Olivier Pertz, Louis Hodgson, Richard L. Klemke and Klaus M. Hahn
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04665.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04665.html

Pharmaco-metabonomic phenotyping and personalized drug treatment
An alternative and conceptually new ¡®pharmaco-metabonomic¡¯ approach to
personalizing drug treatment uses a combination of pre-dose metabolite
profiling and chemometrics to model and predict the responses of individual
subjects.
T. Andrew Clayton et al.
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04648.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04648.html

Designed divergent evolution of enzyme function
Yasuo Yoshikuni, Thomas E. Ferrin and Jay D. Keasling
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04607.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04607.html

                                *****
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