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Nature Contents 20 April 2006 (Vol. 440 pp.969-1088)
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News and Views£© Éñ¾Âö³åµÄ²úÉú·½Ê½£¨Full speed ahead£© Unique features of action potential initiation in cortical neurons ´óÄÔÖеÄÉñ¾ÔªÍ¨¹ýÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö·üÌØÈô¸É·ÖÖ®Ò»µÄµç×ÓÂö³å»ò¶¯×÷µçλÀ´½øÐÐͨÐÅ£¬ÕâÖÖ Âö³å³ÖÐøÊ±¼äÖ»ÓÐ1ÃëµÄǧ·ÖÖ®Ò»¡£1952Ä꣬Alan Hodgkin ºÍAndrew HuxleyÒòÆä¹ØÓÚ ¶¯×÷µçλ²úÉúµÄÀíÂÛ¶ø¹²Í¬»ñµÃŵ±´¶û½±£¬ËûÃǵÄÀíÂÛÊǸù¾Ý¶ÔÎÚÔô¾ÞÖáÍ»µÄÑо¿¹¤×÷ ·¢Õ¹À´µÄ¡£´Ëºó£¬ÈËÃÇһֱĬÈÏÉñ¾Âö³åÔÚ´ÓòÒòõµ½ÈËÀàÔÚÄÚµÄËùÓж¯ÎïÖж¼»ù±¾ÊÇÒÔ Í¬Ñù·½Ê½²úÉúµÄ¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬¶Ô¸ßµÈ¶¯ÎïÆ¤²ãÉñ¾ÔªÖе͝×÷µçλËù×öµÄÒ»ÏîÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬Õâ ÖÖ¼ÙÉèÐèÒªÐÞÕý¡£Æ¤²ã¶¯×÷µçλÆô¶¯µÄ¹Ø¼üÌØÕ÷ÓëHodgkin¨CHuxleyÀíÂÛµÄÔ¤²âÊÇÆ«Àë µÄ£¬ÒòΪÕâЩÉñ¾Ôª±ÈÒÔǰËù¼ÙÉèµÄ¸üÊʺϽøÐпìËÙÐÅÏ¢´¦Àí¡££¨Letter p. 1060; News and Views£© Caspase-12Óë°ÜѪ֢µÄ¹ØÏµ£¨Sepsis target£© Enhanced bacterial clearance and sepsis resistance in caspase-12-deficient mice Caspase¼Ò×åµÄµ°°×ø²»½ö°ïÖúϸ°ûËÀÍö£¨Í¨¹ýϸ°û³ÌÐòËÀÍö½øÐУ©£¬¶øÇÒ´¦ÀíÑ×ÐÔϸ °û¼¤ËØ¡£ÏÖÔÚ£¬Ñо¿ÈËÔ±·¢ÏÖCaspase-12ÒÖÖÆCaspase-1£¬½µµÍÑ×ÐÔϸ°û¼¤ËصÄÉú³É Á¿¡£Òò´Ë£¬È±Ê§Caspase-12µÄСÊó±ÈÕý³£Ð¡Êó¸üÄֿܵ¹Ï¸¾ú£¬¶Ô¸¹Ä¤Ñ׺ͰÜѪ֢ҲÓÐµÖ ¿¹Á¦¡£ÕâʹµÃCaspase-12³ÉΪ°ÜѪ֢ÖÎÁÆÖеÄÒ»¸öDZÔÚÒ©Îï×÷ÓÃÄ¿±ê¡££¨Letter p. 1064£© ¸öÐÔ»¯ÓÃÒ©ÓпÉÄÜʵÏÖ£¨Medicine for one£© Pharmaco-metabonomic phenotyping and personalized drug treatment ÎÒÃǽ«À´ÓÐÒ»Ìì¿ÉÄÜ»áÊÜÒæÓÚ¡°¸öÐÔ»¯Ò©Î£¬ÖÆÔìÕâÖÖÒ©ÎïÐèÒª¶ÔÒ»¸öÈ˵ĹؼüÌØÕ÷ ½øÐзÖÎö£¬Ô¤²âÄÄЩҩÎï¶Ô¸Ã»¼Õß»áÓÐЧ¡£¡°Ò©Îï´úл¾¼Ãѧ¡± £¨Pharmaco-metabonomics£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐµĶ¨ÖÆ·½·¨£¬Ëü½«Ò©ÎïÊ©ÓÃǰ´úлÎï·ÖÎöÓ뻯ѧ ¼ÆÁ¿½áºÏÆðÀ´£¬Ä£ÄâºÍÔ¤²âijһ¸ö¾ßÌåµÄ»¼ÕßËù²úÉúµÄ·´Ó¦¡£±¾ÆÚNature·¢±íÁ˶Ը÷½ ·¨µÄÒ»ÏîÑéÖ¤Ñо¿£¬Ñо¿ÈËÔ±ÒÔ¶Ô´óÊóÊ©ÓÃÒÒõ£°±»ù·Ó£¨Paracetamol£©×÷ΪÑо¿Ä£ ÐÍ¡£¸ÃÑéÖ¤ÊÔÑé³É¹¦µØÔ¤²â³öÁËÄòÒ©Îï´úлÎïµÄÒ»Ð©ÌØÕ÷ÒÔ¼°Ò©ÎïÊ©ÓÃǰÄò×é³ÉÓëÊ©Óà ºó¸ÎËðÉ˳̶ÈÖ®¼äµÄÒ»¸öÁªÏµ¡£ÒòΪ¸Ã·½·¨Éæ¼°¶ÔÒ»¸ö»¼Õß´úл±íÏÖÐÍ£¨´úл±íÏÖÐͲ» ½öÊÜ»ùÒòÐ͵ÄÓ°Ï죬¶øÇÒÊÜÓªÑø×´Ì¬¡¢ÄêÁäºÍ¼²²¡µÈ»·¾³ÒòËØµÄÓ°Ï죩µÄ·ÖÎö£¬ËùÒÔËü ¿ÉÄÜÊÇʵÏÖÈËÀà¸öÐÔ»¯Ò½ÁƱ£½¡µÄÒ»¸öÖØÒª²½Öè¡£ £¨Letter p. 1073£© ÀûÓÃÊýѧģÐÍÉè¼ÆºÏ³ÉøµÄз½·¨£¨Enzymes to order£© Designed divergent evolution of enzyme function ×ÔÈ»·Ö×ÓÑÝ»¯²úÉúÁËרÃÅ´ß»¯µ¥Ò»»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦µÄø£¬ÒòΪ¹ýȥѡÔñÐԺܲîµÄøÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³Ì Öб»¸Ä±äÁË¡£YoshikuniµÈÈËÏÖÔÚ¿ª·¢³öÒ»ÖÖÀûÓÃÒ»¸öÊýѧģÐÍÉè¼ÆºÏ³ÉøµÄ·½·¨£¬¸Ã ÊýѧģÐÍÄÜÄ£·Â·Ö×ÓÑÝ»¯µÄ»úÖÆ¡£ËûÃÇÀûÓÃÕâһϵͳÉú³ÉÁËһϵÁÐÐÂÓ±µÄ¡°±¶°ëÝÆÏ©»· »¯Ã¸¡±£¬ÕâЩøÀûÓò»Í¬·´Ó¦Â·¾¶Éú³É²»Í¬×îÖÕ²úÎï¡£Õâ¸ö½á¹ûÏÔʾÁËÀûÓÃÒ»ÖÖø¡°½Å Êּܡ±À´Éú³ÉÏÖÓзÖ×Ó¸ü´¿¾»°æ±¾¡¢»òÉú³É×ÔÈ»½ç²»´æÔÚµÄDZÔÚзÖ×ӵĿÉÐÐÐÔ¡£ £¨Letter p. 1078£© |
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---------------------- NEWS AND VIEWS ---------------------- Neuroscience: Spikes too kinky in the cortex? The Hodgkin-Huxley theory that explains the mechanism of how neurons fire forms the cornerstone of computational neuroscience. But something it hasn¡¯ t predicted is happening in the brain cortex. Boris Gutkin and G. Bard Ermentrout http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7087/full/440999a.html Glaciology: Ice-sheet plumbing in Antarctica It's not easy to work out what is going on beneath four kilometres of ice. But remote imaging has enabled the discovery of the long-distance discharge of water from one subglacial lake to another in Antarctica. Garry K. C. Clarke http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401000a.html Evolution: Spot on (and off) The repeated appearance and loss of a spot on the wings of fruitflies during their evolution is caused by mutations in one gene. This finding provides an unprecedented window on the genetics of convergent evolution. Gregory A. Wray http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401001a.html Astronomy: Trouble at first light The question of how much light the first stars produced is fundamental to models of the Universe¡¯s development. But observations have so far failed to agree: is the answer a lot, or not very much at all? Piero Madau http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401002a.html ---------------------- BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ---------------------- Biomechanics: A pneumo-hydrostatic skeleton in land crabs A sophisticated dual support system enables a crab to stay mobile immediately after moulting. Jennifer R. A. Taylor and William M. Kier Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7087/abs/4401005a.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... /full/4401005a.html ---------------------- ARTICLES ---------------------- Weak pairwise correlations imply strongly correlated network states in a neural population Collective behaviour in neurons in the vertebrate retina is described quantitatively by models that capture the observed pairwise correlations, but assume no higher order interactions. Elad Schneidman, Michael J. Berry, II, Ronen Segev and William Bialek Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04701.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04701.html Crystal structure of an Hsp90-nucleotide-p23/Sba1 closed chaperone complex The structure of full-length Hsp90 in association with an ATP analogue and a co-chaperone details for the first time how ATP binding changes Hsp90's conformation, and how the co-chaperone stabilizes the overall structure so that target proteins can bind. Maruf M. U. Ali, S. Mark Roe, Cara K. Vaughan, Phillipe Meyer, Barry Panaretou, Peter W. Piper, Chrisostomos Prodromou and Laurence H. Pearl Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04716.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04716.html ---------------------- LETTERS ---------------------- A low level of extragalactic background light as revealed by [gamma]-rays from blazars F. Aharonian et al. Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04680.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04680.html Experimental determination of entanglement with a single measurement Experimental characterization of entanglement -- a vital resource for quantum information applications -- is difficult, but this study reports a direct, quantitative measurement of entanglement in a simple linear optics set-up. S. P. Walborn, P. H. Souto Ribeiro, L. Davidovich, F. Mintert and A. Buchleitner Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04627.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04627.html Polarons and confinement of electronic motion to two dimensions in a layered manganite An even more extreme version of the ¡®confinement¡¯ effect -- when electron charge motion in layered transition-metal oxides is highly anisotropic, ranging from metallic within the plane of the layers to near insulating in the perpendicular direction -- is reported in a layered manganese oxide. H. M. R??nnow, Ch. Renner, G. Aeppli, T. Kimura and Y. Tokura Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04650.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04650.html Climate sensitivity constrained by temperature reconstructions over the past seven centuries Use of large-ensemble energy balance modelling to simulate temperature response to past solar, volcanic and greenhouse gas forcing suggests a very small probability that climate sensitivity will exceed 7 degrees Celsius. Gabriele C. Hegerl, Thomas J. Crowley, William T. Hyde and David J. Frame Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04679.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04679.html Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes Observation of surface elevation changes over 16 months in an area of the East Antarctic ice sheet overlying subglacial lakes suggests a rapid discharge of one lake to at least two other lakes, involving a water volume of 1.8 km3 -- in conflict with previous expectations that subglacial lakes have long residence times and slow circulations. Duncan J. Wingham, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew Shepherd and Alan S. Muir Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04660.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04660.html A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum A new species of fossil snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacral region is likely to be the most primitive snake yet known -- its features indicating a terrestrial, perhaps burrowing origin of snakes, rather than the marine origin that is sometimes suggested. Sebasti??n Apestegu??a and Hussam Zaher Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04413.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04413.html Evolution of cooperative strategies from first principles A computer model that lets notional organisms make their own rules as they go along results in a rich ecology of cooperative behaviour never before seen in such simulations, in which cooperative ¡®starlings¡¯ and ¡®ravens¡¯ are added to the expected ¡®hawks¡¯ and ¡®doves¡¯ of game theory. Mikhail Burtsev and Peter Turchin Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04470.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04470.html DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage Michael C. Zody et al. Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04689.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04689.html Repeated morphological evolution through cis-regulatory changes in a pleiotropic gene Male wing pigmentation pattern involved in courtship display has been gained and lost multiple times in a Drosophila clade, each of the cases analysed (two gains and two losses) involving regulatory changes at the pleiotropic pigmentation gene yellow. Benjamin Prud¡¯homme, Nicolas Gompel, Antonis Rokas, Victoria A. Kassner, Thomas M. Williams, Shu-Dan Yeh, John R. True and Sean B. Carroll Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04597.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04597.html Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-¦Á David Stellwagen and Robert C. Malenka Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04671.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04671.html Unique features of action potential initiation in cortical neurons Bjorn Naundorf, Fred Wolf and Maxim Volgushev Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04610.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04610.html Enhanced bacterial clearance and sepsis resistance in caspase-12-deficient mice Caspase-12 directly inhibits caspase-1 and so diminishes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines -- meaning mice without caspase-12 are therefore better equipped to combat bacteria than normal mice and become resistant to peritonitis and septic shock. Maya Saleh, John C. Mathison, Melissa K. Wolinski, Steve J. Bensinger, Patrick Fitzgerald, Nathalie Droin, Richard J. Ulevitch, Douglas R. Green and Donald W. Nicholson Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04656.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04656.html Spatiotemporal dynamics of RhoA activity in migrating cells Olivier Pertz, Louis Hodgson, Richard L. Klemke and Klaus M. Hahn Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04665.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04665.html Pharmaco-metabonomic phenotyping and personalized drug treatment An alternative and conceptually new ¡®pharmaco-metabonomic¡¯ approach to personalizing drug treatment uses a combination of pre-dose metabolite profiling and chemometrics to model and predict the responses of individual subjects. T. Andrew Clayton et al. Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04648.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04648.html Designed divergent evolution of enzyme function Yasuo Yoshikuni, Thomas E. Ferrin and Jay D. Keasling Abstract: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... bs/nature04607.html Article: http://www.nature.com/nature/jou ... ll/nature04607.html ***** |
2Â¥2006-04-21 18:02:08
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3Â¥2006-04-22 15:56:24














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