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lingyunxn金虫 (正式写手)
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6.2 Equipment design for improved cleaning efficiency Contamination Prevention requirements must form an important consideration in the design of new or in the modification of existing production units. The following design ideas for improving cleaning efficiency should be considered: Include state of the art technology to reduce contamination potential: Clean-in-place (CIP) technology, e.g. rotating spray heads in tanks, in-line analyzers, etc. Consider automation of the cleaning procedure on lines equipped with a Process Control System. The type of cleaning has to be included in the design. In the case of wet cleaning (see 6.1.3) the technical equipment must be liquid-tight, the internal surfaces of the equipment corrosion resistant and smooth to avoid trapping of product. Certain plastics (used for e.g. pipes) may absorb active ingredient and solvents and cannot be cleaned properly. The use of non-absorbent material is recommended. Design a sufficient number of cleaning access panels to allow good visual inspection of the interior of the equipment and easy access with cleaning equipment. Provide valves at the lowest point in the piping to allow easy drainage. Design the production unit with adequate surrounding space and logical disassembly points to facilitate cleaning. Consider quick fittings on equipment to allow rapid disassembly and inspection. Slope piping to maximize drainage. Bends in piping (especially those with small radius that could serve as a hold-up) shall be minimized whenever possible. Avoid U-shaped pipes. Select technical equipment (reactors, valves etc.) with “zero dead spaces” (no rectangular corners in containers, and no dead legs) to minimize the risk of trapping material and to allow easy drainage. Install sampling devices throughout the process to assist the analytical and troubleshooting needs after cleaning. Design the sampling devices with easy cleaning in mind. Consider closed unloading and packaging stations, for powders with dedicated pre-filter. Provide the production unit with a “washing room / workstation” (see Fig. 7) for the cleaning of dismantled smaller pieces of equipment. Grating as floor in manufacturing areas is not recommended. Spills can be much better contained with solid floors. Construct walls that are washable and leak-proof or sealed at the edges with no crevices. |
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sulaimailisu
银虫 (初入文坛)
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wypward(金币+1):谢谢参与 2010-06-23 18:01:48
lingyunxn(金币+3, 翻译EPI+1):谢谢，基本上文理不通，仍需努力 2010-06-25 20:15:12
wypward(金币+1):谢谢参与 2010-06-23 18:01:48
lingyunxn(金币+3, 翻译EPI+1):谢谢，基本上文理不通，仍需努力 2010-06-25 20:15:12
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6.2提高清理效果的设备设计 在对现有的生产单位的设计或修改上，污染防治要求必须形成一个重要的认知。以下几点需在提高清理效果的设计理念上被考虑进去： 包括为减少污染潜在几率的技术：原为清洗技术等，贮水池里的旋转喷头，在线分析仪等。 关注配有过程控制系统的清理过程自动化 清理方式必须包括在设计中。对于湿法净化来说，技术设备必须液密，设备的内部表面要有抗腐蚀性，而且要足够光滑，以免吸附物体。有些塑料（比如用来制造管子的塑料）可能吸收有效成分，或者溶解了，因此不能被恰当的清理，建议使用非吸收性材料。 设计足够的清理检修孔盖板，以用来更好的观察设备的内部，并且使设备检修更为方便。 在管道的最低点装上阀门，以使排水更为容易。 给每个生产单位提供足够大的空间和合理的拆卸点以促进清洁。重视设备上的快速接头，以助于迅速拆卸和检查。 使管道倾斜以达到排水最大化。弯曲的管道（特别是那些小向径的转弯点）应尽可能的减少。避免U型管。 选择“0无效区”（无直角、无盲管段）的技术设备（反应器，阀门）以减少吸附物体的可能使排水更容易。 清洁后，在处理过程中安装采样器以给分析和检修需求提供帮助。牢记要设计易清洗的采样器。 注意要为专用的粉剂预滤器选择封闭的卸载和封装点。 在生产中，不建议光栅地板。实体式楼板更易于泄露 建造可洗和密封或者在边缘处没有缝隙的墙。 |
2楼2010-06-23 17:19:52
lingyunxn
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3楼2010-06-29 13:00:05