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三如居士

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专业: 桥梁抗震

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摘要
   桥梁结构是交通路网的重要组成部分，认识桥梁在地震过程中的抗震性能是极其重要的。尤其在震后救灾时，桥梁更是生命线紧急通行能力的关键环节。尽管其他桥梁构件的损坏可能带来经济上的损失和生命安全的威胁，而钢筋混凝土桥墩则通常是桥梁结构中最易受损的构件，桥墩的破坏可能导致灾难性的后果。
   近几十年的桥梁震害促进了桥梁抗震技术的快速发展，世界上主要的桥梁抗震规范己采用延性设计，基于性态的抗震设计方法成为目前的研究热点和发展趋势。对桥墩非线性地震响应、破坏机理的深入了解和把握是桥梁性态设计的关键所在。
   本文的研究目的是对钢筋混凝土桥墩在地震荷载作用下的抗震性能、延性破坏机理进行系统、深入的研究，为保证我国桥梁抗震安全提供必要的试验基础和理论依据，并为我国桥梁抗震规范的修编提供重要支撑。本文首先以广泛、深入的文献调研为基础，初步确定影响桥墩延性性能的因素；其次，通过桥墩拟静力正交试验对影响桥墩延性性能的因素进行验证及相关分析，进而确定影响等效塑性铰长度及等效刚度的因素；然后，针对国内配筋情况，结合已有的试验研究及美国、日本的墩柱性能数据库试验数据，回归桥墩等效塑性铰长度及等效刚度计算公式；最后，建立相应的OpenSees数值模型，对提出的桥墩塑性铰长度及等效刚度计算公式进行数值上的验证。论文的主要工作、认识及结果（结论）如下：
（1）以文献调研为基础，从几何特征、配筋情况、材料特性以及荷载作用等方面总结了影响桥墩延性性能的因素；
（2）进行了较系统的三水平、四因素（墩高L、轴压比P/Ag fc'、纵筋直径db、配箍率ρh）桥墩拟静力正交试验方案设计及试验研究；
（3）从桥墩强度特性、延性能力等方面对试验结果进行了评估，并系统地分析剪跨比、轴压比以及纵筋率等对桥墩抗震性态、延性破坏机理的影响；
（4）在影响因子分析的基础上，提出了钢筋混凝土桥墩塑性铰长度及整体等效刚度计算公式；
（5）建立了有效的桥墩拟静力试验OpenSees数值模型，从数值上验证了所提出的塑性铰长度及整体等效刚度计算公式的可靠性。

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liufengbao100

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三如居士(金币+5, 翻译EPI+1): 2010-05-26 11:24:08

Abstract

      Bridge structure is the traffic network is an important part of understanding the process of bridge earthquake seismic performance is extremely important. Especially after the earthquake disaster relief, the bridge is the lifeline of the key aspects of emergency capacity. Although damage to other bridge components may bring economic losses and safety threats, and reinforced concrete piers of the bridge structure is usually the most easily damaged components, pier damage may lead to disastrous consequences.

       Bridge damage in recent decades has promoted the rapid development of bridge seismic technology, the world's leading bridge seismic design specification has been adopted ductility, performance-based seismic design method of a current research focus and development trends. On the nonlinear seismic response of bridge piers, failure mechanism of in-depth understanding and grasp of the bridge design of the key state.

       Purpose of this paper is in reinforced concrete bridge piers under earthquake seismic performance of ductile failure mechanism of the system, in-depth research, to ensure the seismic safety of our bridge to provide the necessary experimental basis and theoretical basis, and specification of bridge seismic provide important support for the revision. Firstly, a broad, in-depth literature research, based initially determined the factors that affect the ductility of bridge piers; followed by quasi-static orthogonal pier on the pier ductility factors affecting validation and correlation analysis, and then determine the impact of the equivalent plastic hinge length and the equivalent stiffness factor; then, for the internal reinforcement, and combined with the existing experimental research and the United States, Japan, pier performance database test data, return the equivalent plastic hinge length of the pier and the equivalent stiffness of the formula; final establish the corresponding OpenSees numerical model, the plastic hinge on the proposed pier length and equivalent stiffness of the numerical calculation on the validation. Thesis work, knowledge and the results (conclusions) are as follows:

(1) research-based literature, from the geometric characteristics, reinforcement situation, the role of material properties and load summarizes the factors that affect the ductility of bridge piers;

(2) for a more systematic three-level, four factors (height of piers L, axial load ratio P / Ag fc ', longitudinal reinforcement diameter db, hoop ρh) pier to be static orthogonal design and experimental studies;

(3) from the pier strength properties, ductility and other capabilities to evaluate the test results, and systematic analysis of the shear span ratio, axial compression ratio and the rate of longitudinal reinforcement on the seismic behavior of bridge piers, ductile failure mechanism;

(4) impact factor analysis based on the proposed plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete bridge piers and the equivalent stiffness of the whole formula;

(5) the establishment of an effective static test OpenSees pier numerical model, from the numerical validation of the proposed plastic hinge length and the equivalent stiffness of the overall reliability of the formula.