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翻译一段话为中文
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参考文献可不用管。 谢谢 Genetic diversity in maize as in other crops has been reduced during domestication (Doebley et al. 1984; Hilton and Gaut 1998; Vigouroux et al. 2005). Maize contains 75% of the variation found in its progenitor (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) (Eyre-Walker et al. 1998). For SSR, maize has 88% of the gene diversity and 76% of the number of alleles found in teosinte (Vigouroux et al. 2005). A genetic bottleneck during the domestication of maize as well as ongoing selection by breeders is expected to result in diversity reduction across the whole genome as well as selected loci (Rafalski and Ananiev 2009). At the maize Y1 gene, selection for the yellow endosperm phenotype preferred in some markets resulted in >10-fold reduction of diversity (Palaisa et al. 2003). The effect of this selective sweep extends to several hundred kb (Palaisa et al. 2004). Reduction of diversity and other effects indicative of selection has also been observed in the starch pathway (Whitt et al. 2002) and in the anthocyanin regulatory locus c1 (Hanson et al. 1996). By survey of over 1000 genes, eight of them were identified showing evidence of selection with strongly reduced diversity (Yamasaki et al. 2005). However, a recent study showed that variation might not be declining in global maize germplasm (Warburton et al 2008). Globally, maize germplasm are being mixed up more and as a result, population differentiation is declining but overall diversity is being maintained because of the mixing. With high throughput sequencing or chip technology, scanning of all maize genes will allow identification of a more complete set of genes under natural and artificial selection, with which selective diversity enhancement by introgressions from other germplasm collections, landraces or even teosinte, would become possible. |
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3楼2010-01-29 02:46:06
sosososo1114
木虫 (正式写手)
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justina_lu(金币+6):谢谢翻译，专业术语是比较困难，但你已经翻译的不错了 2010-01-29 02:41
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有部分专业缩写不太明白，就原文标出了 玉米的基因多样性和其他作物一样，在驯养过程中降低了（文献）。 75%的玉米基因突变能在他们的祖先中找到（如玉蜀黍科***）。对于简单重复序列，88%的基因多样性和76%的对偶基因都能在墨西哥类蜀黍中找到。玉米驯化养殖过程中的基因瓶颈以及种植者不断地选择被认为导致了玉米整个染色体组以及标记序列内多样性的下降。在玉米的Y1基因上，由于某些市场对黄色胚乳的选择，导致了该基因上大于 >10-fold单位的基因多样性的下降。这种选择性的剔除扩大到几百个KB。观察发现多样性的减少以及其他表征性选择的影响在淀粉合成以及青花素的常见位置才c1中也存在。 在研究过的1000多个基因中发现有八个表现出明显的多样性退化。然而，最近的一项研究发现，，玉米基因谱并不存在全球性的基因多样性衰退。从全球范围上讲，玉米族群的融合越来越多，虽然群体分化度下降，但是基因多样性并没有下降的趋势。依靠大吞吐量的基因定序和剥落技术， 对所有的玉米基因进行扫描将能获得一幅更加完整的在自然选择和人工选择下的基因组图。基于这项研究，人择多样性则有可能通过渗入来自其他种质的基因，如来自landraces or even teosinte，来得到改善 |
2楼2010-01-27 15:09:12