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Lanthanides doped inorganic or organic materials have been fabricated via sol-gel chemistry or coordination reactions.The direct inclusion or in situ formation of chelated lanthanides inside sol gel-derived matrices leads to the formation of hybrid materials with generally improved luminescent properties. For example, the condensation of trialkoxysiyl-functionalized chromophores in the presence of lanthanides leads to the formation of nanostructured hybrids with strong fluorescence emission even at low lanthanide ion concentration. Functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are found to be able to elongate fluorescence lifetime of the rare-earth complex, then the CNTs hosted lanthanide complexes have found important applications in drug carrier and biomarker fields.
Clay minerals are attractive inorganic hosts for functional inorganic organic hybrids because of their swelling properties and charged surfaces which could be easily modified. Clays have been successfully used as vectors for delivery of DNA to cells.18,19Clay-modified electrodes have been developed as electrochemical sensors. Functionalized clays with luminescent properties also find their way in photoelectricity and fluorescence probe applications. Tetsuka et al. incorporated quantum dots into clay hosts and prepared flexible CdSe/ZnS-clay films with high photoluminescence efficiency that are promising materials for optoelectronic devices such as light emitting devices. Celedon et al. intercalated complexes of triplet europium ions (Eu3) and terbium ions (Tb3) with 2,2-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) into natural bentonite, and found the luminescence intensity of the intercalated products was comparable to that of the free complexes and the stability of the complex against hydrolysis was improved. Lezhnina et al. investigated the effects of iron impurities on the luminescence properties of rare-earth doped clay hybrids.
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J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 16238¨C16246
Synthesis and Characterization of Photoluminescent Eu(III) Coordination Halloysite Nanotube-Based Nanohybrids

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