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Õª×Ô£ºhttp://bbs.mse.tsinghua.edu.cn/archive/index.php/t40323.html ¶¨Òå: ×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶È£¨spin multiplicity£©£½2S+1, S=n*1/2,nΪµ¥µç×ÓÊý¡£ËùÒÔ£¬¹Ø¼üÊǵ¥µç×ÓµÄÊýÄ¿ÊǶàÉÙ¡£ µ±ÓÐżÊý¸öµç×Óʱ£¬ÀýÈç O2£¬¹²ÓÐ16¸öµç×Ó£¬ÄÇôµ¥µç×ÓÊýÄ¿¿ÉÄÜÊÇ0£¬¼´8¸öalphaºÍ8¸öbetaµç×ÓÅä¶Ô£¬¶ÔÓ¦µ¥ÖØÌ¬£¬µ«ÊÇÒ²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓÐ9¸ö¦Áµç×ÓºÍ7¸ö¦Âµç×Ó£¬ÄÇôÄܳɶԵÄÊÇ7¶Ô£¬»¹Ê£2¸ö¦ÁûÓÐÅä¶Ô£¬ÓÚÊÇn=2,¶ÔÓ¦µÄÊǶàÖØ¶È3¡£Í¬Àí»¹¿ÉÒÔÓжàÖØ¶È5£¬7£¬9£¬ ...Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ,ÊǶàÖØ¶ÈµÍµÄÄÜÁ¿µÍ,×îÎȶ¨,ËùÒÔ,Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ,żÊýµç×ÓµÄÌåϵ¶àÖØ¶È¾ÍÊÇ1¡£µ«ÊÇÒ²ÓÐÀýÍ⣬Èç¹ûO2¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö´ó¼Ò¶¼ÖªµÀµÄÀý×Ó£¬ËüµÄ»ù̬ÊÇÈýÖØÌ¬£¬Æäµ¥ÖØÌ¬·´¶øÊǼ¤·¢Ì¬¡£ ËùÒÔ£¬×ܽáһϣ¬¾ÍÊÇ µç×ÓÊýÄ¿ÊÇżÊý£¬Î´³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊýÄ¿n=0,2,4,6,...×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶ÈÊÇ1,3,5,7,... µç×ÓÊýÄ¿ÊÇÆæÊý£¬Î´³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊýÄ¿n=1,3,5,7,...×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶ÈÊÇ2,4,6,8,... ¶àÊýÇé¿öÊǶàÖØ¶ÈµÍµÄÄÜÁ¿µÍ£¬ÓÐʱ£¨ÌرðÊÇÓС°´Å¡±ÐÔµÄʱºò£¬ÀýÈç˳´ÅµÄO2£¬ÒÔ¼°Fe°¡Ê²Ã´µÄ£©£¬¿ÉÄÜ»á¸ß¶àÖØ¶ÈµÄÄÜÁ¿µÍ¡£ GaussianÖÐ×ÔÑ¡¶àÖØ¶ÈÉèÖà ÔÚÓÃgaussianʱ,Èç¹û·Ö×ӵĻù̬²»Êǵ¥ÖØÌ¬£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÔÚtitle sectionÀïÖ¸¶¨spinÀ´¼ÆËãÆäËû×é̬ÈçÈýÖØÌ¬µÄÄÜÁ¿¡£ ±ÈÈçÒÔϵļÆËãÖ¸¶¨ÑõÔ×ÓΪµ¥ÖØÌ¬ -------------------------- # hf/6-31G(d) Oxygen atom 0 1 O 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -------------------------- ¶øÒÔϵÄÊäÈëÔòÖ¸¶¨ÑõÔ×ÓΪÈýÖØÌ¬ -------------------------- # hf/6-31G(d) Oxygen atom 0 3 O 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -------------------------- VASPÖÐ×ÔÑ¡¶àÖØ¶ÈÉèÖà ÔÚ VASPÖУ¬¿ØÖÆ×ÔÐýµÄ²ÎÊýÊÇINCARÖеÄISPIN, ISPIN=1±íʾ½øÐзÇ×ÔÐý¼«»¯µÄ¼ÆË㣬¶øISPIN=2±íʾ½øÐÐ×ÔÐý¼«»¯µÄ¼ÆË㡣ΪÁ˽øÒ»²½µÃµ½ÎÒÃÇËùÐèÒªµÄ×é̬£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýNUPDOWNÖ¸¶¨×ÔÐýÏòÉϺÍ×ÔÐýÏòϵĵç×ÓÊý²î£¬´Ë·½·¨ÓëÖ±½ÓÖ¸¶¨×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶ÈÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ¡£ VASPÀCµÄ²Î¿¼Ì¬ÊÇS2P2£¬¼´CµÄ»ù̬£¬ISPIN=2Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÕâ¸ö̬¡£ ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬ÔÚ½øÐй̶¨×ÔÐý¶àÖØÌ¬µÄ¼ÆËãÖУ¬Èç¹û³õʼµÄµçºÉÃܶȵÄ×ÔÐý¼«¾ØºÍINCARÖÐÉèÖõÄNUPDOWN²»Í¬µÄ»°£¬ÊÕÁ²»áºÜÂý¡£Èç¹ûÊÇ´Ó¶ÁÈëµÄ³õʼ²¨º¯Êý¿ªÊ¼¼ÆË㣬ÔòûÓÐÀàËÆÎÊÌâ¡£ ÒÔÏÂÊÇvaspÊÖ²áÉϵÄÔ»°£º There is a word of caution required: If NUPDOWN is set in the INCAR file the initial moment for the charge density should be the same. Otherwise convergence can slow down. When starting from atomic charge density (ICHARG=2), VASP will try to do this automatically by setting MAGMOM to NUPDOWN/NIONS. The user can of course overwrite this default by specifying a different MAGMOM (which should still result in the correct total moment). If one starts from the wavefunctions, the initial moment will be always correct, because VASP will ``push'' the required number of electrons from the down to the up component. If starting from a chargedensity supplied in the CHGCAR file (ICHARG=1), the initial moment is usually incorrect! HyperchemÖÐ×ÔÑ¡¶àÖØ¶ÈÉèÖà ÔÚSetupÉèÖÃÖнøÐÐÉèÖà ChargeºÍSpin MultiplicityÔÚAb initioºÍSemi-empirical¼ÆËãµÄ¶Ô»°¿òÖгöÏÖ¡£ Charge£ºÖ¸¶¨¶îÍâµÄ¾»Ê£µçºÉ¡£¶îÍâµçºÉ¶¨Ò嵱ǰµÄ·Ö×ÓϵͳÊÇÒ»¸öµçÖÐÐÔϵͳ£¬Õýµçϵͳ£¨ÑôÀë×Ó£©£¬»¹ÊÇÒ»¸ö¸ºµçϵͳ£¨ÒõÀë×Ó£©¡£ Spin Multiplicity£º×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶È¡£±Õ¿Ç·Ö×ÓµÄ×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶ÈΪ1£¨µ¥ÖØÌ¬£©¡£Ò»¸ö×ÔÓÉ»ù£¬ÓÐÒ»¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó£¬×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶ÈΪ2£¨Ë«ÖØÌ¬£©¡£ÓÐÁ½¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓµÄϵͳ£¬×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶ÈÒ»°ãΪ3£¨ÈýÖØÌ¬£©¡£È»¶øÔÚijЩÇé¿öÏ£¬ÀýÈçÁ½¸ö×ÔÓÉ»ù£¬Á½¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÒ²¿ÉÄܲúÉúµ¥Ì¬¡£ State: ÃèÊöϵͳÖм۵ç×Ó״̬¡£°üÀ¨Ö¸¶¨·Ö×Ó´¦ÓÚµÚÒ»¼¤·¢µ¥Ì¬(Next lowest)»òÕßLowestµç×Ó̬¡£ Lowest ¸ø¶¨×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶ÈµÄ×îµÍµç×Ó̬¡£Ëü²»Ò»¶¨ÊÇ»ù̬¡£ Next lowest ¸ø¶¨×ÔÐý¶àÖØ¶È£¨µ¥ÖØ¡¢Ë«ÖØ¡¢ÈýÖØ»òËÄÖØÌ¬£©µÄµÚÒ»µç×Ó¼¤·¢Ì¬¡£ ÔÚHyperChem 6.0ÖУ¬semi-empirical·½·¨Í¨³£ÐèÒª¸ø¶¨¶àÖØ¶ÈµÄ×îµÍÄÜ̬£¨lowest£©»òÕß´Î×îµÍÄÜ̬£¨next lowest£©µÄ¼ÆËã¡£ÓÉÓÚżÊý¸öµç×ӵķÖ×ÓûÓÐδ³É¶Ôµç×Ó£¬ÊDZտDz㵥̬£¬ËùÒÔÖ»ÓÐ×îµÍÈýÖØÌ¬ÊÇÓÐЧµÄ£¬¶ø´Î×îµÍÈýÖØÌ¬ÊÇÎÞЧµÄ¡£ÀýÈ磬±½ÓÐżÊý¸öµç×Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ»ù̬ÊÇ±Õ¿Ç²ãµ¥ÖØÌ¬¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã»ù̬£¨×îµÍµ¥ÖØÌ¬£©£¬µÚÒ»¼¤·¢µ¥ÖØÌ¬£¨´Î×îµÍµ¥ÖØÌ¬£©£¬»òÕßµÚÒ»¼¤·¢ÈýÖØÌ¬£¨×îµÍÈýÖØÌ¬£©¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬»òÕß HOMO±»Á½¸öµç×ÓÕ¼¾Ý£¬»òÕßÒ»¸öµç×ÓÔÚHOMO£¬ÁíÒ»¸öµç×ÓÔÚLUMO£¬²úÉúÁ˼¤·¢µ¥ÖØÌ¬»òÕßÈýÖØÌ¬¡£¶ÔË«ÖØÌ¬ºÍËÄÖØÌ¬£¬Ö»Óиø¶¨¶àÖØ¶ÈµÄ×îµÍ̬£¨lowest£©¿ÉÓá£UHFÑ¡Ïî½öÔÊÐí¸ø¶¨¶àÖØ¶ÈµÄ×îµÍ̬£¨lowest£©¿ÉÓá£ÀýÈ磬¿ÉÒÔÓÃUHFÑ¡ÏîÑо¿±½µÄ×îµÍÈýÖØ¼¤·¢Ì¬£¬µ«ÊDz»ÄÜÓÃÀ´¼ÆËãµ¥ÖØ¼¤·¢Ì¬¡£ÕâÊÇÒòΪHyperChemÖеÄUHFÑ¡Ïî²»ÔÊÐíÈÎÒâµÄ¹ìµÀÕ¼¾Ý£¬Ò²²»ÔÊÐíCI¼ÆËã¡£¶ÔÓÚRHFÑ¡Ï¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËãCI²¨º¯Êý¡£Õâ¸ö¼ÆËãÓÉһϵÁмÆËãµÃµ½µÄRHF¹ìµÀ¿ªÊ¼£¬»òÕß´Ó×îµÍµ¥Ì¬£¨»òË«ÖØÌ¬£©£¬»òÕß´Óhalf electronµÄµ¥Ì¬ºÍÈý̬£¨»ò˫̬ºÍËÄÖØÌ¬£©¹ìµÀ¡£´ÓÕâЩ³õʼ̬¿ÉÒԵõ½²Î¿¼Ì¬£¬´ÓÕâЩ²Î¿¼Ì¬£¬²úÉúһϵÁÐ΢¹Û̬¡£Í¨¹ýÕâЩ΢¹Û̬Êʵ±µÄÏßÐÔ×éºÏ£¬¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃһϵÁиü׼ȷµÄ̬¡£ MSÖÐ×ÔÑ¡¶àÖØ¶ÈÉèÖà Spin unrestricted: When checked, indicates that the calculation will be performed using different orbitals for different spins. This is known as a 'spin-unrestricted' or 'spin-polarized' calculation. If unchecked, the calculation uses the same orbitals for alpha and beta spins. This is known as a 'spin-restricted' or 'non-spin-polarized' calculation. Default = unchecked. Use formal spin as initial: When checked, indicates that the initial value for the number of unpaired electrons for each atom will be taken from the formal spin introduced for each atom. This starting value will be subsequently optimized during the calculation. Default = checked. Note. This option is enabled only if the Spin unrestricted checkbox is checked. Multiplicity: Select the multiplicity from the dropdown list to perform a calculation on a specific spin state. Available options are: Auto Singlet Doublet Triplet Quartet Quintet Sextet Septet Octet When Auto is selected, DMol3 will attempt to determine the ground spin state by performing a spin-unrestricted calculation. Note. This option is enabled only if the Spin unrestricted checkbox is checked and the Use formal spin as initial checkbox is unchecked. Note. There is one limitation to specifying the spin state: it is not possible to force DMol3 to perform an unrestricted singlet calculation. If you check the Spin unrestricted checkbox and set the Multiplicity to Singlet, the results will be the same as if you used the Auto setting. Note. In the case of a periodic system, the multiplicity refers to the spin state of the electrons in a single unit cell. |
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