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zhangjx7880
ÖÁ×ðľ³æ (Ö°Òµ×÷¼Ò)
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- ×¢²á: 2008-09-15
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- רҵ: Ò©Îﻯѧ
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JBC 16, 2009, doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.055392 The Protein Kinase C¦Ä Catalytic Fragment Is Critical for Maintenance of the G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint* Edward L. LaGory?¡ì, Leonid A. Sitailo¡ì? and Mitchell F. Denning?¡ì?,1 From the ?Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Program, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, ?Department of Pathology, and ¡ìCardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153 Protein kinase C¦Ä (PKC¦Ä) is an essential component of the intrinsic apoptotic program. Following DNA damage, such as exposure to UV radiation, PKC¦Ä is cleaved in a caspase-dependent manner, generating a constitutively active catalytic fragment (PKC¦Ä-cat), which is necessary and sufficient for keratinocyte apoptosis. We found that in addition to inducing apoptosis, expression of PKC¦Ä-cat caused a pronounced G2/M cell cycle arrest in both primary human keratinocytes and immortalized HaCaT cells. Consistent with a G2/M arrest, PKC¦Ä-cat induced phosphorylation of Cdk1 (Tyr15), a critical event in the G2/M checkpoint. Treatment with the ATM/ATR inhibitor caffeine was unable to prevent PKC¦Ä-cat-induced G2/M arrest, suggesting that PKC¦Ä-cat is functioning downstream of ATM/ATR in the G2/M checkpoint. To better understand the role of PKC¦Ä and PKC¦Ä-cat in the cell cycle response to DNA damage, we exposed wild-type and PKC¦Ä null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to UV radiation. Wild-type MEFs underwent a pronounced G2/M arrest, Cdk1 phosphorylation, and induction of apoptosis following UV exposure, whereas PKC¦Ä null MEFs were resistant to these effects. Expression of PKC¦Ä-green fluorescent protein, but not caspase-resistant or kinase-inactive PKC¦Ä, was able to restore G2/M checkpoint integrity in PKC¦Ä null MEFs. The function of PKC¦Ä in the DNA damage-induced G2/M cell cycle checkpoint may be a critical component of its tumor suppressor function. |
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