| 查看: 316 | 回复: 3 | |||
| 当前主题已经存档。 | |||
xuqinyao8239铁杆木虫 (著名写手)
|
[交流]
40金币求翻译一段话
|
||
|
In monitoring a reaction it is important to know the reaction “kinetics.”When developing a process, “kinetics” refers to the rate of formation of the product and the amount of time needed to reach the desired process endpoint. The goals of knowing reaction kinetics are to complete processing efficiently and to limit degradation from overreaction. Periodic in-process monitoring generates the relevant kinetic data. Changing a parameter can have more than one effect on a process. For instance, pH is a critical factor in Schotten-Baumann reactions .Acid chlorides are readily hydrolyzed under strongly acidic or strongly basic conditions, so neutral conditions would minimize hydrolysis. Most primary and secondary amines exhibit pKas of 10–11.5, so that maximal reactivity would be found at high pH and poor reactivity would be expected under neutral conditions, where the amines would be predominantly protonated. Schotten-Baumann reactions are conducted under weakly basic conditions, pH 8–10, by balancing the hydrolysis of the acid chloride with the decreased reactivity of the amine. In many cases it is wise to examine changes to a process instead of rejecting such conditions on a theoretical bias. While optimizing a process the chemist usually learns its tolerance limits, the ranges of process parameters at which a process will operate successfully. Knowing these ranges is very helpful for guiding scale-up operations under suboptimal conditions, such as overcharging or undercharging components and exposing the reaction to temperatures above the optimal ranges. |
» 猜你喜欢
现代”学阀”该如何界定
已经有8人回复
课题组招2027级博士 上海工程技术大学 激光智能制造方向
已经有3人回复
上海工程技术大学 激光智能制造课题组 2027级博士研究生招生
已经有3人回复
实名举报:华南理工大学物理与光电学院副院长李志远婚内两次出轨女学生(博士)
已经有16人回复
上海工程技术大学激光智能制造课题组|2027级博士研究生招生公告
已经有11人回复
上海工程技术大学激光智能制造课题组招收博士研究生
已经有10人回复
申博发邮件
已经有11人回复
各位大神,目前国内有哪些比较好用的逆合成软件?
已经有12人回复
我的奶奶
已经有3人回复
国社科系统bug了,是不是要放榜了?
已经有9人回复
syh9288
捐助贵宾 (著名写手)
海军上将
- 翻译EPI: 6
- 应助: 2 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 1608.6
- 散金: 543
- 红花: 1
- 帖子: 1078
- 在线: 482小时
- 虫号: 735351
- 注册: 2009-03-30
- 性别: GG
- 专业: 有机合成

2楼2010-01-11 15:19:53
syh9288
捐助贵宾 (著名写手)
海军上将
- 翻译EPI: 6
- 应助: 2 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 1608.6
- 散金: 543
- 红花: 1
- 帖子: 1078
- 在线: 482小时
- 虫号: 735351
- 注册: 2009-03-30
- 性别: GG
- 专业: 有机合成
| 例如,在Schotten-Baumann反应中,PH值是一个重要的因素。酸性的氯化物在强碱和强酸性条件下很易水解,因此中心条件能降低这种水解。大部分的一级和二级胺的PKa值在10-11.5这个范围,这使得高PH值下的反应活性很高和中性条件的反应性能很低,在这种条件下胺类物质主要以质子化的形式存在。Schotten-Baumann反应在弱碱性条件下进行,PH值在8-10之间,这种PH值环境的获得主要是通过酸性氯化物的水解与胺类降低的反应性之间的平衡来实现的(也就是说氯化物与胺之间形成了一个缓冲体系)。在很多情况下,与在理论的基础上排出某些条件相比较,监测反应的变化情况是更合理明智。 |

3楼2010-01-11 15:37:26
syh9288
捐助贵宾 (著名写手)
海军上将
- 翻译EPI: 6
- 应助: 2 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 1608.6
- 散金: 543
- 红花: 1
- 帖子: 1078
- 在线: 482小时
- 虫号: 735351
- 注册: 2009-03-30
- 性别: GG
- 专业: 有机合成

4楼2010-01-11 15:49:23










回复此楼