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Optimizing one step can have significant impact on the remaining steps of a
process . Investigations into changing the proportion of reaction components
are readily undertaken and generally take the least amount of time, with
minimal impact on other steps. Rapid optimization is possible by judiciously
changing solvents, reagents, catalysts, and ligands; investigations in this area allow
the chemist considerable room for creativity and simplifying a process. Such
changes may generate different impurities in the isolated intermediates, and it
may be necessary to examine the tolerance of subsequent processes for the new
impurities. Changing functional groups may greatly improve processing but will
require changes in other steps if it is necessary to optimize the preparation and
isolation of new compounds downstream from this step. Modifying a route, which
includes reordering steps and introducing new steps, may be the best means to
minimize impurity formation, particularly in the final product.This last approach
will have the greatest impact on other steps and may require the most time overall
for optimal process development.

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