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Optimizing one step can have significant impact on the remaining steps of a process . Investigations into changing the proportion of reaction components are readily undertaken and generally take the least amount of time, with minimal impact on other steps. Rapid optimization is possible by judiciously changing solvents, reagents, catalysts, and ligands; investigations in this area allow the chemist considerable room for creativity and simplifying a process. Such changes may generate different impurities in the isolated intermediates, and it may be necessary to examine the tolerance of subsequent processes for the new impurities. Changing functional groups may greatly improve processing but will require changes in other steps if it is necessary to optimize the preparation and isolation of new compounds downstream from this step. Modifying a route, which includes reordering steps and introducing new steps, may be the best means to minimize impurity formation, particularly in the final product.This last approach will have the greatest impact on other steps and may require the most time overall for optimal process development. |
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