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zap65535木虫 (著名写手)
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This paper describes research relating to the major recall of pet food that occurred in Spring 2007 in North America. Clinical observations of acute renal failure in cats and dogs were associated with consumption of wet pet food produced by a contract manufacturer producing for a large number of companies. The affected lots of food had been formulated with wheat gluten originating from China. Pet food and gluten were analyzed for contaminants using several configurations of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry(MS), which revealed a number of simple triazine compounds, principally melamine and cyanuric acid, with lower concentrations of ammeline, ammelide, ureidomelamine, and N-methylmelamine. Melamine and cyanuric acid, have been tested and do not produce acute renal toxicity. Some of the triazines have poor solubility, as does the compound melamine cyanurate. Pathological evaluation of cats and dogs that had died from the acute renal failure indicated the presence of crystals in kidney tubules. We hypothesized that these crystals were composed of the poorly soluble triazines, a melamine-cyanuric acid complex, or a combination.Sprague dawley rats were given up to 100 mg/kg ammeline or ammelide alone, a mixture of melamine and cyanuric acid (400/400 mg/kg/day), or a mixture of all four compounds (400 mg/kg/day melamine, 40 mg/kg/day of the others). Neither ammeline nor ammelide alone produced any renal effects, but the mixtures produced significant renal damage and crystals in nephrons. HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of melamine and cyanuric acid in the kidney. Infrared microspectroscopy on individual crystals from rat or cat (donated material from a veterinary clinic)kidneys confirmed that they were melamine-cyanuric acid cocrystals. Crystals from contaminated gluten produced comparable spectra. These results establish the causal link between the contaminated gluten and the adverse effects and provide a mechanistic explanation for how two apparently innocuous compounds could have adverse effects in combination, that is, by forming an insoluble precipitate in renal tubules leading to progressive tubular blockage and degeneration. Key Words: melamine; cyanuric acid; triazines; food safety. [ Last edited by zap65535 on 2009-12-11 at 16:43 ] |
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zap65535
木虫 (著名写手)
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2楼2009-12-11 17:03:15
zap65535
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3楼2009-12-11 17:08:54
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telomerase(金币+0,VIP+0):机译的，请注明，否则严惩！！请注意！ 12-12 16:05
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本文介绍的研究关于宠物食品，在2007年春季在北美发生重大召回。急性肾功能衰竭在猫，狗的临床观察均与湿宠物订立合同的大量公司生产制造商生产的食品消费。食品受影响的产品已制订的小麦谷朊粉来自中国原产。宠物食品和面筋使用分析与尿酰胺，氰，ureidomelamine低浓度的高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和质谱（MS）的，它暴露了一些简单的三嗪化合物，主要是三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸，多种配置污染物，和N - methylmelamine。三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸，经测试，不产生急性肾毒性。对三嗪溶解度差一些，因为 没有这种化合物三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐。猫和已从急性肾功能衰竭死亡，狗的病理评价都指出，在肾小管晶体的存在。我们推测，这些晶体组成的差 可溶性三嗪，1三聚氰胺氰尿酸复杂，或combination.Sprague SD大鼠给予高达100毫克/千克，或氰尿酰胺单是三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸的混合物（400/400毫克/公斤/日），或1混合所有的4种化合物（400毫克/公斤/日三聚氰胺，40毫克/千克/人天的）。氰尿酰胺，也都没有单独肾脏产生任何影响，但是混合物 产生重大的肾脏损害和肾结晶。 HPLC-MS/MS证实三聚氰胺和氰尿酸在肾脏的存在。从猫鼠或个人晶体显微红外（捐赠从兽医诊所材料）肾脏证实，他们三聚氰胺氰尿酸 cocrystals。受污染的谷朊粉生产的比较晶体光谱。这些结果在这两者之间面筋和污染的不利影响，并提供一个机械的因果关系的解释如何两个显然无伤大雅的化合物可能产生有害影响结合起来，即通过 在形成不溶性沉淀物肾小管，导致肾小管阻塞，并逐步退化。 关键词：三聚氰胺，氰尿酸，三嗪，食品安全。 |
4楼2009-12-11 21:46:48
zap65535
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5楼2009-12-11 21:50:23
zap65535
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6楼2009-12-11 22:03:00
fatemyself
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7楼2009-12-12 00:18:16
zap65535
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8楼2009-12-12 00:23:28
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