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考博班写作词汇表
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Tentative topics for future issues include: Bioethics and medical humanities 生物伦理学和医学人文学 Reproductive Technologies生殖技术 Genetics and Eugenics遗传学与优生学 Abortion and the Moral Status of Fetuses堕胎与胎儿的道德地位 Human Experimentation in Medicine医学的人体试验 Informed Consent病人知情同意权 Euthanasia安乐死 Just Health care正当保健？？ Rights of Patients患者权益 Aging衰老 Population Control人口控制 Environmental Ethics环境伦理学 Traditional and Non-Biomedical Healings传统与非生物医学治疗（愈合）？？？ Feminist Bioethics女权主义生物伦理学 Christian Bioethics基督教生物伦理学 Medicine and Literature医学与文学 Medicine and Religion医学与宗教 Ethics, Medicine and Culture伦理、医学、文化 Medical Education and Humanities医学教育与人文学 Ethical Theories and Medical Ethics伦理学理论与医学伦理 Aristotle, Kant, Mill and Bioethics亚里士多德、康德、米勒与生物伦理学 History of Medicine 医学史 Western Studies of Medicine in China西方对中国医学的研究 Venereal diseases (AIDS), rehabilitation medicine, sub-health (CFS: chronic fatigue syndrome), suicide, progress and advances in medical science, CHD, cardiovascular diseases, mental health, health, hygiene, sanitory, psychological health, mental health, psychiatry, psychiatric, psychiatrist, therapy, treatment, patho-mechanism, pathogenesis, medical insurance (coverage), professional ethics, moral, ethic codes, Internet and medicine, remote medicine( distance medicine), virtual hospital, cyberspace, aging, senile, adolescence(t) medicine. Humanistic, humanism, patient-oriented (centered),geriatrics 8. 常用医学热门话题的关键词与表达方式 Human genome, gene bank, genetic therapy, genetic privacy, commercialization of/ protection of genetic resources, clone, cloning of human beings, human cloning, Stress, pressure, crazy pace of life and work Transplant, brain ???? transgenetic, genetic modified food (GMF), Infirmary Diagnosis, diagnose, diagnostic, medical /heath checkups, examination, prescribe, prescription/doctor’s advice/ administration, indications, contraindication, fill it up, pharmacy/dispensary/drugstore/pharmacist, druggist, over-dose, dosage, abuse, tolerance, dependence, reliance, flu/influenza, vaccine, vaccination, intravenous injection, operating-room, operating table, lancet, scapel???, sterilize, disposable mask, injury, damage, wound, hurt, heal, recover(y), treat/cure, insurance (coverage), Health/ healthcare/ health service/medicine, medical sciences, medicare, medicinal/medical –biological, drug/psychiatrics Sore throat, ache, running nose, fever/high temperature, cough, fatigue, headache, faint, dizzy---cold Cardiovascular diseases: CHD, hypertension, sclerosis, myocardiac ischemia, infarction, clot, thrombus, angina, pectoic, stroke, shock, paralysis, handicaps, handicapped people should participate in some rehabilitation program. Cholesterol, obesity, obese, overweight, fat, go on diet, dieting, the diet, put on weight, lose weight, keep fit, slim, slender, sturdy, Hospital: medicine, operation, flu, symptom, diagnosis, blood /urine test, X-ray, checkup/ physical (exam), ward, nurse station, ICU, fever, cough, headache, temperature, blood-pressure, dizzy, rundown, operating-room, pharmacy, surgeon, physician, doctor’s office, general practitioner Dentist's: toothache, cavity, gum, pull out the tooth Chemist's: fill /refill a prescription, pill, tablet, dosage, ointment, lotion, panacea, cure-all, miraculous effect 10. 写作中的常用词语及表达方式 I. 各类关联词 1）原因 because, because of, owing to, on account of, due to, since, in that, as, for, result from, be the result of, be the cause of 2）结果 therefore, so, as a result, accordingly, consequently, because of this, thus, hence, for this reason, result in, cause, bring about, give rise to, be responsible for, have an effect on 3）转折 句子间的转折：but, however, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary, on the other hand, compared with, in contrast to, unlike 句子中的转折：although, whereas, while, conversely, in spite of, despite … 4）类似，相同 like, the same… as, similarly, in the same manner, in common, be like, resemble 5）不同，差异 A is (be) different from B, There is a significant difference between A and B; A is not like B; 6）常用开头词语 Generally speaking; It goes without saying that…; It is clear that…; It is often said that…; In general; Various views exist as to …(名词或名词从句); There exist various ideas (opinions) as for…; There different opinions as far as … is concerned; 7）常用的发展段的开头词语 Everybody knows that …; It can be easily proved that…; It is true that…; No one can deny that…; The chief reason why …; We must recognize that…; I feel (think, agree, argue) that…; I propose(suggest, maintain) that…; This can be expressed as follows; Let us take … as an example; We have every reason to believe that…; We know that…; What is more serious is that… 8）第二发展段的开头词语（语气或说法与第一发展段不同甚至相反） Besides, we should not neglect that…; But it is a pity that…; But the problem is not so simple. Therefore …; However, （转折词语）; Others may find this to be true. But I do not. I believe that …; On the other hand; There is a certain amount of truth in this, but I still have a problem about…; Though we are in basic agreement with…; Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…; 9）结论词语 From this point of view, In a word, On account of this we find that…; The result is…; Thus, this is the reason why …; To sum up, To conclude, In short 10）罗列词语 In the first place; First of all, For one thing,…for another; In the second place, First, Second, Third; Finally; Last but not the least; 11）添加词语 Besides; In addition; What is more; Moreover 12）常用词语 1. 起…作用：to play a(n) … role in 2. 面临：be faced with (faced with); 3. 对…很重要（关键）: be important (vital) for (to); be of great importance to 4. 提倡，推广，促进: advocate, promote 5. 帮助：help, be helpful to; contribute to; be beneficial to; be good to; facilitate 6. 忽视，忽略: ignore, overlook, lose sight of; 7. 利用：make use of, utilize, use, make the best use of 8. 改善，完善: improve, perfect 9. 加强：strengthen, enhance, reinforce, fortify 10.增加: increase, enhance, multiply, add to 11.减少: decrease, reduce, cut down, drop 12.提高: raise, improve, rise 13.总共达：…amount(s, ed) to 数字 14.增长（减少）（数量）多少：to increase by X%, $1 million， 15. 增长（减少）到：increase/decrease to (最后的数字) The car output increased to 100,000 (in all, to in total)last year. 16.占多少(解释)：account for (百分比) X% 17.翻番：double 18.保持不变：remain the same; (did/do not change) 19.把…考虑到（进去）：take…into account (considerationa) 20.把…当作，看作：regard…as…; take…as… 21.把…误当作看作：take … for…; mistake…for… 22.表明，说明，显示：The results of the study, Surveys/The investigation, …indicate(s) that… 23.更不用说: much less; not to mention 24.注意，重视，强调: pay much attention to; attach great importance to; give premium to; emphasize; stress 25.置于优先地位: prioritize 26.引起: give rise to, cause, bring about, lead to 27.采取行动、措施take actions (steps, measures) to do 28.献身于，致力于：be devoted (dedicated) to, devote oneself to 29.关于：with regard to, as to, with respect to 30.生效：take effect, go into force, bring into practice, come into effect 31.关系：to have to do with, to have (something) nothing to do with, to be involved in, to be related to, to come into contact with, to be concerned with 32.机会：to make an opportunity to do something; to have an opportunity for doing (sth); be an opportunity for (to do sth.) 33.取得进步、进展：make progress(advances) 34.用…装备: equip … with (be equipped with; be armed with) 35.影响：affect, have a(n) … effect (impact) on…; influence; 36.在一定（某种）程度上：to some extent, in a way, to some degree 37.适应：to adapt oneself to, to get used to… 38.只有…才能：Only in this way, can 主语＋动词原形 e.g. Only in this way can we get ready for the coming FATMD. e.g. Only by attending Prof. Jiang’s lectures can we know how to prepare for the FATMD. E.g. The only way to 动词/for something is that… 39.可能性：It is probable that sth/sb. Will…; A is likely to…; It is impossible/possible (for sb./sth.) to do…; There is a possibility that…; There is a chance that… 从句；Chances are that 从句； 40.替代，取代：to take the place of; replace…with, in place of 节奏，步伐：pace, tempo of life and work II. 常用句型 1. A think(s) that…(clause) 2. It is 形容词 for somebody (something) to 动词/that… 3. 强调句型 It is 主语、宾语、壮语 +who, that, which + （动词＋名词）、（主语＋动词）、（主语＋动词＋名词） e.g. It is Prof. Jiang’s lectures that helped me get well prepared for the coming FATMD. 1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 2. It is (has been) estimated that the world's population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century. 3. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 4. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we can overcome. 5. As is known man is the product of labour. 6. It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed. 7. It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace. 8. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day. 9. It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable. 10. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties. 11. It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments. 12. It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years. 14. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved. 15. It must be admitted that you haven't done what you promised to do. 16. In my opinion, this computer is different from that one you saw. 17. It is certain that we have a long way to go. 18. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims. 19. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book. 20. It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms. 21. It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within this year. 22. It is obvious (evident) that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts. 23. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice. 24. It is natural that one may have trouble expressing complicated ideas in simple English. 25. What is more important, the agreement they have negotiated is being carried out. 26. We will be successful as long as we persevere. 27. Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not apply to things happening here. 28. It is true that we must redouble our efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries. 29. I take it for granted that they will support this idea. I regard it as natural that they will agree to this idea. 30. In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved. 31. The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 32. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 33. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 34. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't utter a word. 35. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 36. Our goal must be attained. Our goal can unquestionably be attained. 37. Nothing can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations. 38. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, videocorders. 39. No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it. 40. It can be said that without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to build socialist modernizations |
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