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201、The Origin and Evolution of Charges and Spin Based
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.21897700 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21897700 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract The spin 1/2 framework and the fractional charge quark model in the Standard Model of particle physics stem fundamentally from misinterpretations of micro matter structure made by early physicists. Under the limitation of observation technologies in early times, pioneers mistakenly assumed elementary particles were rigid solid spheres, on which the whole system of spin theory and quark hypothesis was constructed. Later generations of physicists have accumulated abundant experimental evidences conflicting with the old framework. Nevertheless, bound by academic inheritance, authority worship and mentorship conventions, most subsequent researchers hesitate to overthrow conclusions established by forerunners. To preserve the traditional theoretical framework, scholars keep introducing new hypotheses, hypothetical particles and ad hoc mathematical corrections to remedy logical defects layer by layer. A self perpetuating theoretical system gradually takes shape, which deviates further from physical reality with each supplementary remedy. Based on the Light Origin Theory and the strong force self locking mechanism, this paper reconstructs micro particle structure, charge generation and spin essence with intrinsic properties of gamma ray photons: zero geometric volume, unlimited superposition capability and constant light speed motion. It demonstrates that quarks are not real physical entities, stable fractional charges do not exist in nature, and spin 1/2 is merely an equivalent mathematical illusion generated by collective light speed gyration of trapped photon clusters. Unit integer charge of stable particles is the only surviving steady state configuration after long term cosmic natural selection, rather than an artificial result of mathematical division. Physical reality governs mathematical fitting instead of being defined by mathematical models. Keywords: gamma ray photon; strong force self locking; virtual energy confinement domain; gyration at light speed; origin of electric charge; spin 1/2; fractional charge; quark; academic inertia; pitfalls of mathematical fitting 1 Introduction The core framework of quantum mechanics and particle physics was founded on microscopic observations in the early twentieth century. Restricted by measurement capabilities at that era, early physicists committed a root level misjudgment: they regarded electrons and protons as rigid solid micro spheres with intrinsic rotation. Built upon this erroneous premise, the rigid body rotation explanation for spin 1/2 was formulated. When contradictions emerged in interpreting proton charge distribution and hadron behaviors, physicists further postulated hypothetical quark particles together with the 1/3 and 2/3 fractional charge hypothesis to fill theoretical gaps. Over the past century, high energy collision experiments, nuclear explosion disintegration observations and photon decay evidences have repeatedly verified that all elementary particles ultimately decompose into gamma ray photons upon complete dissociation. No solid granular substance exists inside particles. The factual contradictions have long been exposed, yet mainstream physics circles remain reluctant to overturn the original flawed framework. Constrained by mentorship inheritance, authoritative inertia and path dependence of academic development, most subsequent researchers avoid fundamental revision. Their prevailing strategy is inventing new assumptions, hypothetical particles and mathematical adjustments to maintain internal consistency, relying on numerous secondary supplementary hypotheses to remedy inherent contradictions brought by primary flawed premises. Current Standard Model is essentially not a physical system oriented toward truth seeking, but an interpretive mathematical system supplemented by multi-layer auxiliary hypotheses and remedied generation after generation with self-solidified logic. Two fatal fallacies embedded in the Standard Model are the rigid body rotation interpretation of spin 1/2 and the fractional charge quark splitting mechanism. This paper rejects these inherited misconceptions and reconstructs objective microscopic physical rules from the Light Origin Theory.  |
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