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186、On the Particle Nature of Photons and the Mechanism
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.21640137 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21640137 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Since the establishment of modern optics, the physical nature of light has been debated for centuries, which finally led to the mainstream theory of wave particle duality. This theory holds that photons intrinsically possess both particle and wave properties, and it is adopted to interpret diverse optical phenomena including rectilinear propagation, polarization, interference and diffraction, forming the fundamental framework of modern quantum optics. Nevertheless, the theory of wave particle duality contains inherent logical defects. Its essential flaw lies in confusing two completely distinct physical concepts: the intrinsic properties of a substance itself and the morphological features of its motion trajectory. Conventional theories mistake the apparent wave shaped trajectory produced by particle motion for the intrinsic wave property of micro particles, resulting in persistent conceptual ambiguity, missing physical mechanisms and logical inconsistencies within micro optics. This paper constructs an optical underlying model from a purely particle perspective to clarify the real mechanism behind wave particle phenomena of light. A photon is an indivisible, non spreading, non trailing point like physical particle with no intrinsic wave property. While propagating, a photon travels along a fixed straight line direction and undergoes inherent transverse oscillation within the plane perpendicular to its propagation direction. At the moment of its generation, a photon uniquely fixes its transverse oscillation angle, amplitude and frequency within the 360 degree plane perpendicular to its travelling direction. Once determined, these parameters remain constant throughout propagation without random shifts or arbitrary changes. Superposition of the photon’s longitudinal rectilinear motion and fixed angle transverse oscillation generates a standard sinusoidal trajectory. Consequently, all wave like features observed in optics are geometric apparent effects originating from particle motion trajectories, rather than material properties intrinsic to photons. Based on this model, this paper re interprets the core physical mechanism behind double slit interference. Contrary to the traditional explanation of photon self interference or wave field superposition, interference fringes arise from microscopic mechanical interactions between transversely oscillating photons and slit walls when photons pass through the slits. Such interactions regularly deflect photon flight angles. After being deflected and filtered by slits, large numbers of photons form uneven statistical distributions on the receiving plane and produce macroscopically observable light and dark fringes. This paper also defines the threshold for photon photon interactions. Ordinary energy photons such as visible light, infrared and ultraviolet photons do not interact, collide or exchange energy with one another in free space. Only gamma ray level high energy photons may collide, undergo energy annihilation, and convert into material particles such as electron positron pairs. Relying entirely on classical mechanical superposition principles and discarding the contradictory hypothesis of wave particle duality, the proposed purely particle model provides self consistent explanations for core classical optical phenomena and achieves analytical revision for the underlying logic of optical wave particle phenomena. Keywords: photon; point like particle; transverse oscillation; motion trajectory; sinusoidal wave; double slit interference; wave particle phenomena 1 Introduction Explorations into the nature of light run through the whole history of modern physics. In the 17th century, Isaac Newton put forward the corpuscular theory of light, regarding light as streams of tiny physical particles. This theory satisfactorily explained macroscopic optical phenomena including rectilinear propagation, specular reflection and medium refraction, laying the foundation of early corpuscular optics. In the same period, Christiaan Huygens proposed the wave theory of light by analogy with mechanical medium waves such as water waves and sound waves, aiming to account for diffraction and interference which the corpuscular theory failed to explain. Since then, the long standing debate between corpuscular theory and wave theory in optics has lasted hundreds of years. Each theory could explain partial experimental observations yet was incompatible with phenomena interpreted by the rival one. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the successive proposals of Planck’s quantum hypothesis, Einstein’s light quantum theory and de Broglie’s matter wave theory, the academic community established the core theory of wave particle duality to reconcile contradictory experimental results. It states that micro photons intrinsically possess both particle like substance and wave like field states, and exhibit particle or wave features under different observational conditions. Widely adopted in monographs and textbooks, wave particle duality has become a cornerstone of quantum mechanics and modern optics. Nevertheless, theoretical deduction shows that this theory suffers from fundamental drawbacks: no concrete mechanical mechanism, ambiguous physical definitions and internal logical conflicts. Conventional physics has never answered essential questions clearly. If a photon is simultaneously a particle and a wave, how can these two material forms co exist? Is the wave like behaviour of micro particles an intrinsic property or merely a motional effect? Curved or wavy trajectories of macroscopic objects are treated as pure kinematic variations, rather than alterations of object ontology. Why are analogous motions of micro particles defined as intrinsic properties? The root cause is one key conceptual confusion: distinguishing what an object is from how an object moves. In macroscopic physics, physical particles can follow curved or wavy trajectories through composite motion, which does not mean the ontology of particles has changed. This classical mechanics logic is universally applicable and also holds for micro photons. Breaking away from conventional quantum theoretical frameworks, this paper strictly differentiates intrinsic photon properties from photon kinematics. Centered on point like physical particles, fixed angle transverse oscillation, apparent trajectory originated wave like effects and statistical distribution induced by slit mechanical deflection, this paper builds a fully self consistent, paradox free purely particle optical model with complete logical deduction. It clarifies the real underlying logic behind optical wave particle phenomena and revises century old theoretical cognitive biases.  |
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