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抗熔滴涤纶纤维的研究
摘要
涤纶纤维以其优异的性能，具有广泛的应用和产业基础。但涤纶纤维属于熔融性可燃纤维，在燃烧时容易形成熔滴，熔滴却能带来更严重的灾害，因此对其纤维进行改性，增加其抗熔滴性能，己成为了一个广受关注的研究方向。目前抗熔滴的研究大多都是采用添加抗熔滴添加物(如聚四氟乙烯、纳米颗粒或者合成的物质)与聚合物基体进行共混，或者利用共聚法，但是基本都存在纺丝难或者添加量少，效果不好的问题。
签于此，本文提出了一种在PET纤维中形成少量热固性树脂的抗熔滴改性思路，具体方法是在PET基体中添加一种可塑性物质-苯代三聚氰胺(BG)进行共混，制备PET/BG共混纤维，然后将纺出的共混纤维在甲醛溶液中进行处理，纤维中的BG会和甲醛反应生成三维网状的热固性树脂，燃烧时该树脂能起到保护作用和迅速炭化并增加成炭量，对熔滴起到吸附作用，以达到抗熔滴的目的。通过熔体流动速率仪和RH-7毛细管流变仪、EDS、滴定法、SEM、FTIR、XRD 、TG、DSC和氧指数(LOI)等手段研究了PET/BG共混物的流变性能和BG的迁移性、BG与甲醛的反应特性以及纤维的各种性能，主要研究内容及结论包括：
(1)熔体流变速率仪和RH-7型毛细管流变仪对PET、PET/BG共混物熔体进行流变性能的测试，结果表明PET/BG共混物的熔融指数随着BG含量的增加而增大，其表观粘度随着温度的升高和剪切速率的增加逐渐减小，其熔体表现假塑性流体的特性，不同温度下非牛顿指数n都小于1，且随着温度的升高而逐渐增大；结构粘度指数随着温度的升高而逐渐降低；粘流活化能随剪切速率的增加而减小。在所研究的BG含量范围内，随着BG含量的增加，PET/BG共混物熔体的非牛顿指数越大，结构粘度指数和粘流活化能越小。
(2)X射线能谱仪和熔体流变速率仪的测试结果表明BG在PET/BG共混物的制备过程中发生了迁移。
(3)利用盐酸羟胺法和碘量法、红外光谱的内标法研究了BG和甲醛的反应特性，就单因素考虑可以得出：在羟甲基化阶段，最佳反应温度为80℃，反应时间为40min，反应pH值为8.5。在缩聚阶段，根据实验并结合实际，本文所采用的缩聚温度为80℃，反应时间为2h，反应pH值为4～5。
(4)通过SEM、FTIR、XRD和热分析等研究表明，与纯涤纶纤维相比，抗熔滴涤纶纤维的表面较粗糙，在抗熔滴涤纶纤维的制备过程中，PET/BG共混纤维中BG与甲醛发生了反应，并且纤维的结晶结构并没有随着BG的加入和反应的发生而发生变化。
(5)通过抗熔滴性能测试，TG、DSC和氧指数(LOI)等测试表明，抗熔滴涤纶纤维与纯涤纶纤维相比，单位时间(1min)内熔滴数量减少，同时在实验的BG范围内，随着BG含量的增加，其抗熔滴性逐渐增强，LOI逐渐增大，但是其热稳定性降低。

关键词：涤纶纤维流变性能苯代三聚氰胺(BG) 抗熔滴热分析

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纯粹机器翻译

The anti-melt drop polyester fiber's research
abstract polyester fiber by its outstanding performance, has the widespread application and the industrial foundation. But the polyester fiber belongs to the meltbility inflammable textile fiber, when combustion easy to form the melt drop, the melt drop can actually bring a more serious disaster, therefore carries on the modification to its textile fiber, increased its anti-melt drop performance, oneself has become a widely-noted research direction. At present the anti-melt drop's research mostly is uses increases the anti-melt drop supplement (for example teflon, nano particles or synthesis material) carries on the blending with the polymer substrate, or using copolymerization law, but basic has the spinning difficult or the recruitment are few, effect not good question. Signs in this, this article proposed one kind forms the few thermosetting resin in the PET textile fiber the anti-melt drop modified mentality, the concrete method is increases one plastic material - benzene generation of melamine (BG) in the PET substrate to carry on the blending, prepares the PET/BG blending textile fiber, will then spin the blending textile fiber carries on processing when the formaldehyde solution, in textile fiber BG can with the formolite reaction production three dimensional lattice thermosetting resin, the combustion this resin can play the protective function and carbonize and increases Cheng Tanliang rapidly, to melts the drop to play the adsorption, achieves the anti-melt drop the goal. Through melt flow methods and so on speed meter and RH-7 capillary vessel rheometer, EDS, titrimetric method, SEM, FTIR, XRD, TG, DSC and oxygen index (LOI) have studied the PET/BG polyblend changing performance and the BG migratory nature, BG and the formaldehyde response characteristic as well as textile fiber each performance, mainly studies the content and the conclusion includes: (1) melt changing speed meter and the RH-7 capillary vessel rheometer to PET, the PET/BG polyblend melt carries on the changing performance the test, finally indicated that the PET/BG polyblend the melt index increases along with the BG content increases, its apparent viscosity increases along with temperature elevation with the shear rate reduces gradually, its melt performance pseudo-plastic fluid's characteristic, under the different temperature non-Newton index n is smaller than 1, and elevates along with the temperature increases gradually; The inner viscosity index elevates along with the temperature reduces gradually; The plastic flow activation energy increases along with the shear rate reduces. In studies in the BG content scope, along with BG content's increase, PET/BG the polyblend melt's non-Newton index is bigger, the inner viscosity index and the plastic flow activation energy is smaller. the (2)X beam can the spectrometer and the melt changing speed meter's test result indicated that BG has had the migration in the PET/BG polyblend's preparation process. (3) using the oxammonlum hydrochloride law and the iodimetric, infrared spectrum's internal standard law has studied BG and the formaldehyde response characteristic, on the single factor considered that may obtain: In the methylol stage, the optimum response temperature for 80℃, the reaction time is 40min, responded that the pH value is 8.5. In the condensation stage, according to tests and links to the reality, the condensation temperature which this article uses for 80℃, the reaction time is 2h, responded that the pH value is 4~5. (4) through research and so on SEM, FTIR, XRD and thermal analysis indicated that compares with the pure polyester fiber, the anti-melt drop polyester fiber's surface is rough, in the anti-melt drop polyester fiber's preparation process, in the PET/BG blending textile fiber BG and the formaldehyde has had the response, and the textile fiber crystallization structure has not changed along with BG joined with the response occurrence. (5) through the anti-melt drop performance test, tests and so on TG, DSC and oxygen index (LOI) indicated that the anti-melt drop polyester fiber and the pure polyester fiber compare, the unit interval/unit time in (1min) melts the drop quantity to reduce, simultaneously in experiment's BG scope, along with BG content's increase, its anti-melt drop strengthens gradually, LOI increases gradually, but its thermostability reduces.
Key word: Polyester fiber changing performance benzene generation of melamine (BG) anti-melt drop thermal analysis