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151、Uniform Demonstration of Zero Energy Loss in Orbital Motion
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.21122214 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21122214 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Traditional electromagnetic theory draws a one-sided conclusion that charged particles undergoing curved orbital motion will continuously lose energy and radiate electromagnetic waves outward. This view serves as the core prerequisite for special quantum hypotheses such as probability clouds and superposition states. Based on the fundamental mechanical work formula W=Fs·cosθ, this paper clarifies that the necessary condition for energy loss is the generation of unidirectional effective radial displacement along the direction of the acting force. Electron orbits are bound by Coulomb force, and celestial revolution is constrained by universal gravitation. These two types of forces are always perpendicular to the tangential motion direction of particles. For circular orbits, the total work done by forces is zero. Within a full cycle of elliptical orbits, the positive and negative work generated by gravitation and Coulomb force cancel each other out completely, leaving no net energy loss. Coulomb force and universal gravitation only change the direction of motion without producing sustained unidirectional radial displacement, so they cannot consume the kinetic energy of the system. Macroscopic celestial revolution and microscopic electron orbits follow the same set of mechanical and energy conservation rules, which proves that the inference "charged particles must radiate and lose energy during curved motion" is a fundamental logical error. The zero-energy-consumption characteristic of circular motion is the underlying foundation for the constant stability of the universe, yet the academic community denies this key objective law, and all ad-hoc hypotheses including probability clouds and superposition states established on this wrong deduction lose their basis for existence. Keywords: orbital motion; energy loss; work principle; Coulomb force; universal gravitation; electron orbit; celestial revolution; steady state of the universe 1. Introduction Classical electromagnetism proposes that accelerated charged particles can radiate electromagnetic waves. Subsequent researchers simplified the derivation and directly concluded that charged particles will continuously lose kinetic energy when moving along curved trajectories. When applied to extranuclear electrons, this conclusion leads to the deduction that electrons will radiate energy continuously and eventually crash into atomic nuclei. This deduction contradicts the objective fact that atoms can remain stable over extremely long periods. To reconcile this conflict, Bohr and other scholars abandoned unified fundamental mechanical laws, created special hypotheses of superposition states and electron probability clouds, and artificially separated microscopic and macroscopic physical judgment criteria. In fact, the academic community confuses two entirely different physical concepts: the form of curved motion and the effective displacement for force to do work. It ignores the critical condition that Coulomb force and gravitation are perpendicular to the direction of motion, and disregards that zero energy consumption of circular motion is the core support for the steady state of the universe, resulting in fundamental logical deviation. This paper uniformly analyzes two scenarios: elliptical revolution of macroscopic celestial bodies and quasi-circular orbits of microscopic electrons. It fully verifies that all orbital motions have no continuous energy loss based on the axiom of mechanical work, fundamentally negates the wrong deduction of continuous energy radiation from electron orbits, and thoroughly overturns the complete set of special quantum hypotheses derived from this deduction.  |
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