| 查看: 42 | 回复: 0 | |||
[交流]
149、Generation of Electric Charge: Reasoning Analysis Based
|
|
preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.21090366 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21090366 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Based on verified objective observational facts, this paper conducts logical deduction to interpret systematically the formation conditions and physical essence of electric charge, as well as the underlying causes of the distinction between positive and negative charges. The core viewpoint is as follows: electric charge is not an inherent intrinsic property of microscopic particles. Instead, it is a stable extrinsic effect formed by continuous superposition and solidification of spatial alternating disturbances, when clusters of high-energy gamma photons are tightly locked and perform closed orbital motion at the speed of light within a confined micro-space. A photon is a pure fundamental energy particle free of electric charge and intrinsic electromagnetic properties, rather than electromagnetic waves or radiation as defined by traditional theories. When a free photon travels linearly at light speed, it disturbs the surrounding space and generates transient alternating electric and magnetic fields. Such disturbances fade away instantly and merely serve as extrinsic byproducts of photon motion. Past studies misclassified photons as electromagnetic radiation only based on this observable phenomenon. Spatial alternating disturbances can accumulate and stabilize into detectable electric charges only if photons are tightly confined to a narrow closed space for sustained cyclic motion. Free photons carry only fundamental energy without rest mass or fixed volume. Only high-energy gamma photons possess sufficient energy density to realize mutual confinement and tight locking. Three homologous properties emerge synchronously after locking: finite micro-volume, rest mass and stable charge effect. Clusters of high-energy gamma photons with different total energies form electrons, protons and neutrons respectively, and particle mass differences are determined by the total energy of confined photons. Opposite orbital directions of photon clusters constitute the fundamental basis for two opposite electric signs. Nevertheless, protons carrying positive charge and electrons carrying negative charge are not the sole outcome dictated by physical laws, but stable surviving forms filtered through long-term evolution of our conventional material world. Particle configurations with reversed orbital directions correspond to antimatter such as positrons and antiprotons, which cannot exist abundantly and stably in ordinary matter environments and only emerge briefly in high-energy experiments or instantaneous cosmic high-energy events. The full text features self-consistent logic and provides a testable new theoretical framework for research on the origin of electric charge. Keywords: electric charge; high-energy gamma photon; tight locking; orbital circular motion; fundamental energy particle; spatial alternating disturbance; rest mass; microscopic volume; electron; proton 1. Introduction In the system of modern physics, electric charge is a fundamental physical quantity used to explain electromagnetic interactions, atomic and molecular structures, and properties of macroscopic matter. Experimental observations have reached a unified consensus: electrons exhibit negative charge externally, protons exhibit positive charge externally, and neutrons are electrically neutral as a whole. Electrons and protons are the basic units constructing all stable matter in the universe. However, a core unresolved question has long remained: what is the origin of electric charge? Why only electrons and protons can carry charge in stable material systems, and why their electric signs are fixed and opposite? Mainstream physical theories contain underlying cognitive bias. They categorize photons as electromagnetic radiation and regard alternating electric and magnetic fields generated by high-speed photons disturbing space as intrinsic photon properties. In fact, a photon is an independent fundamental energy particle without electric or magnetic nature. Alternating electromagnetic fields are merely transient appearances produced when photons squeeze space during propagation and cannot be equated with photons themselves. Spatial disturbances generated by linearly propagating free photons dissipate instantly and cannot form stable charge. Disturbances can accumulate and persist to form externally observable charge only when photons are tightly locked inside a micro-closed space for continuous cyclic motion. The sustained closed orbital motion of photons at light speed within a narrow space constitutes the core mechanism generating electric charge. Most existing theories directly define charge as an intrinsic particle property without tracing its underlying physical generation process. Traditional models confuse photons with transient spatial alternating disturbances accompanying their motion. Virtual photons and virtual particles defined in theories can participate in force exchange and are not "virtual" in the genuine sense. Transient spatial alternating disturbances produced by free photons are pure virtual signals without substantial mechanical or energy exchange effects. Restricted by current observation technology, humans cannot directly capture the real motion state of photons inside microscopic particles, nor can they intuitively verify the correlation between photon motion, tight locking and charge manifestation. Rigorous, self-consistent logical deduction based on established experimental facts becomes the most reasonable research path to analyze the origin of electric charge. All deductions of this paper are developed upon the following undisputed observational facts: 1.Free photons carry no charge and have no intrinsic electromagnetic properties;  |
回复此楼» 猜你喜欢
售SCI一区T0P文章，我:8.O.55.1.O.5.4,科目全,可+急
已经有7人回复
-
售SCI一区文章，我:8.O.551.O.5.4,科目全,可伽急
已经有7人回复
-
售SCI一区文章，我:8.O.55.1.O.54,科目齐全,可伽急
已经有6人回复
-
售SCI一区T0P文章，我:8.O55.1.O.54,科目全,可十急
已经有6人回复
-
售SCI一区文章，我:8.O.55.1.O.54,科目齐全,可伽急
已经有9人回复
-
售SCI一区文章，我:8O5.5.1.O5.4,科目全,可伽急
已经有10人回复
-
售SCI文章，我:8O5.5.1.O.54,科目齐全,可+急
已经有7人回复
-
售SCI一区文章，我:8.O.55.1.O.54,科目齐全,可伽急
已经有8人回复
-
售一区SCI文章T0P，我:8O.551.O54,科目全,可十急
已经有6人回复
-
售SCI-T0P文章，我:8O.5.5.1.O.54,科目齐全,可+急
已经有13人回复
20