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145、The Unified Theory of Photon Origin: Cosmic Grand Cycle
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.21038691 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21038691 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Modern fundamental physics is plagued by fragmented theories, redundant hypotheses and abstract model constructions. Multiple theoretical systems coexist yet fail to integrate microscopic matter, macroscopic motion and high-energy cosmic phenomena, giving rise to numerous complex, metaphysical conjectures lacking empirical evidence. Based on the core idea of the grand cyclic unification of photon origin, this paper clearly distinguishes pure photon energy state and bound matter state, and achieves the ultimate unification of matter and energy, identifying photons as the sole fundamental cosmic unit. Photons inherently possess two intrinsic properties: constant speed of light and pure energy, with no mass or fixed volume. Discarding tedious microscopic derivations, this paper constructs a complete theoretical system from seven dimensions: macroscopic physical framework, fundamental matter composition, hierarchical evolution of fundamental forces, origin of charge spin, boundaries of civilizational development, cognitive philosophy and closed cosmic cycles. Its core arguments are as follows: high-energy photons converge and get confined via the strong self-locking mechanism, forming three types of fundamental particles—protons, neutrons and electrons, with confined photons remaining the intrinsic substance inside particles; differences in spin directions of confined photons generate positive and negative charges, the prerequisite for the existence of electromagnetic force; the strong force, electromagnetic force and gravitational force function progressively. The strong force acts on all microscopic units with mass, the electromagnetic force constructs atoms, molecules and tangible matter, and macroscopic gravitational effects emerge after massive accumulation of matter. The three fundamental forces collectively constitute the primary driving force of cosmic operation. This theoretical system confirms that the unification of photon origin will eliminate various fictitious physical models and expand pathways for human scientific and technological progress. Nevertheless, the closed cyclic rules of light cannot be broken; all substances ultimately return to pure photon energy. Objective upper limits exist for human technological exploration and cosmic cognition, dispelling various illusory assumptions about eternal existence and transcendence of physical laws. Keywords Photon origin; Cosmic grand cycle; Unification of mass and energy; Strong self-locking mechanism; Protons, neutrons and electrons; Charge spin; Three fundamental forces; Primary driving force; Cognitive boundary; Civilization ceiling 1. Introduction Since the formation of modern physics, human research on cosmic origins has long remained fragmented and disconnected. Classical mechanics describes the laws of macroscopic low-speed motion, electromagnetic theory forms an independent system, and a continuous stream of quantum hypotheses and high-dimensional spacetime models have been superimposed in modern times. This renders fundamental physics overly complicated and internally contradictory, failing to establish a unified underlying paradigm connecting the microscopic, macroscopic and high-energy celestial phenomena. Four core unresolved propositions have persisted in academia for a long time. First, the conversion boundary and homologous evolutionary logic between pure intrinsic photon energy and tangible matter remain ambiguous. Researchers often confuse the intrinsic internal energy of matter with free photon energy while ignoring that the speed of light is an innate fundamental property of photons. Second, a unified interpretation of the generation source of protons, neutrons and electrons that compose all things is absent, and the underlying formation mechanism of charges has not been determined. Third, the three fundamental forces follow a progressive generative sequence: the strong force covers all microscopic matter with mass, the electromagnetic force builds the framework of tangible matter, and gravity emerges relying on large-scale matter clusters. This progressive logic has long been treated in isolation. Fourth, the primary driving force sustaining cosmic continuous evolution and the common origin of fundamental forces lack an ultimate explanation. Various patchwork and segmented theories artificially increase the complexity of cosmic laws, deriving numerous fictitious physical concepts that cannot be observed or verified. These concepts fail to fully interpret all cosmic phenomena and restrict human fundamental cognition of objective cosmic laws. This paper proposes the Unified Theory of Photon Origin. Adopting a concise, self-consistent and universally interconnected macroscopic perspective, it strictly differentiates free photon energy and bound matter, elaborates the complete process of photons condensing into protons, neutrons and electrons through the strong self-locking mechanism, and confirms that all tangible matter in the universe is assembled from these three fundamental particles. It explains the innate constant speed of light of photons, demonstrates that charges originate from spin differences of confined photons, sorts out the complete logic of progressive generation of the three fundamental forces, reconstructs the underlying physical framework of the universe, unifies the homologous relationship between photon energy and matter, interprets the origin of the three fundamental forces and their core role in driving cosmic motion, defines the feasible scope and ultimate boundary of human scientific and technological development, and establishes an ultimate cognitive philosophy consistent with objective cosmic laws.  |
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