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141、Generation Mechanism of the Material World
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20952966 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20952966 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Free high-energy gamma photons possess no rest mass, fixed volume or electric charge, and only carry light energy while propagating at the speed of light. All stable macroscopic matter in the universe consists of protons, electrons and neutrons. Based on the strong self-locking bound closed-loop spin model, this paper clarifies that rest mass, volume and charge are not intrinsic properties of gamma photons. Instead, they are external manifestations exhibited by the whole cluster when high-energy gamma photons are confined in microscopic space via strong self-locking and maintain closed-loop spin. The intrinsic state of gamma photons inside the self-locked structure remains unchanged, always without mass or electric charge. The universally recognized mass-energy conversion law supports the logic for the formation of rest mass, and the physical property origins of the three fundamental particles are analyzed uniformly. A brief discussion is given on the reversible flipping of neutrons and antineutrons as the core condition for the persistence of the material world. Hard evidence including nuclear explosions, black hole jets and electron-positron annihilation experiments is supplemented for verification. Constructed based on universally accepted physical laws, the model adopts strong self-locking to interpret the stable confinement mechanism of particles, contains no hypothetical particles, and features a self-consistent logical system. Keywords high-energy gamma photon; strong self-locking; bound confinement; closed-loop spin; external manifestation; mass-energy relation; origin of mass; origin of electric charge; neutron-antineutron flipping; origin of matter 1 Introduction Protons, electrons and neutrons are the fundamental building blocks that constitute all atoms, celestial bodies and macroscopic matter. Existing theories define mass, electric charge and volume as innate intrinsic properties of particles, failing to trace a unified origin for these three quantities, nor can they intuitively explain the confinement mechanism that keeps microscopic particles stable without dispersing. The argumentation of this paper relies on multiple well-established hard physical facts widely recognized in academia: First, low-energy photons cannot condense into physical particles; only high-energy gamma photons can form stable microscopic structures under strong self-locking. Second, free-propagating high-energy gamma photons have no rest mass, fixed volume or electric charge. Once the internal strong self-locking structure of a particle is broken, the particle completely reverts to free gamma photons, with mass, electric charge and volume disappearing simultaneously. Third, the mass-energy conversion equation is a globally recognized rule governing the conversion between energy and rest mass, which can be directly applied to explain the origin of rest mass in self-locked bound states. Strong self-locking describes an extremely powerful confinement effect at the microscopic scale that traps high-energy gamma photons. The binding force of self-locking is extremely intense; conventional forces are incapable of disassembling this confinement cage, and only extreme high-energy environments stand a chance of breaking the self-locked structure. The high-energy gamma photons trapped by strong self-locking do not alter their inherent state, remaining free of rest mass and electric charge. Only the combined effect of strong self-locking confinement and closed-loop spin motion enables the self-locked cluster to exhibit measurable external manifestations of rest mass, volume and electric charge. This paper illustrates the logic of mass conversion based on the mass-energy relation, dissects the structures of the three types of particles, and briefly elaborates the persistence mechanism of the cosmic material world.  |
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