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136、Unified Deduction of Energy Release Mechanisms for Nuclear Fission
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20848462 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20848462 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Experimental observations of uranium-235 fission identify only four stable physical products: barium, krypton, cesium and xenon. The reaction can be divided into two primary pathways: approximately 65% of fission events merely restructure atomic nuclei without mass loss or energy release; around 25% correspond to paired uranium-235 fission, which serves as the main source of mass deficit and energy output. Minor residual discrepancies are attributed to statistical errors in experimental measurements. This paper introduces the strong force self-locking structure model to uniformly deduce the micro-mechanisms of nuclear fission and light nuclear fusion. Protons, neutrons and electrons all form via high-energy photons self-locking under extreme high temperature and pressure, each possessing an independent binding system. Under normal conditions, positive charges carried by protons neutralize negative charges of electrons to maintain electrical neutrality of matter. The two nuclear reactions differ fundamentally in the degree of damage to self-locking structures: heavy nuclear fission generates instantaneous extreme high temperatures at tiny local reaction points, rupturing a small fraction of nucleon binding cages and simultaneously unlocking a small number of electrons to release high and low-energy gamma photons, alongside long-lived radioactive fission fragments with decay half-lives up to tens of thousands of years. Deuterium-tritium nuclear fusion produces no substantial mass deficit; its energy release originates from the strong force self-locking potential energy stored within atomic nuclei, analogous to elastic potential energy released when a compressed spring rebounds. The extra neutron generated during fusion acquires high-speed kinetic energy from the released strong force potential to transfer thermal energy. Pure fusion does not intrinsically emit high-energy gamma photons or produce long-lived radioactive waste. Combined with mass-energy equation calculations of the mass deficit and blast yield of atomic bombs, this paper compares energy levels of tokamaks, heavy-ion collisions and black hole jets. Only full-domain high-energy environments such as heavy-ion collision facilities and black hole jets can simultaneously disintegrate all self-locking structures of protons, neutrons and electrons, eliminating carriers of positive and negative charges and reducing matter entirely to charge-free photon plasma. This work constructs a unified underlying logic for energy release in the two categories of nuclear reactions. Keywords uranium-235; nuclear fission; nuclear fusion; strong force self-locking structure; strong force potential energy; mass deficit; high-energy gamma photon; neutron kinetic energy; charge neutralization; radioactive contamination 1 Introduction Since the discovery of nuclear fission, mainstream physical research describes fission energy release using the mass-energy relation yet treats fission and fusion as two independent reaction systems. No unified micro-binding model has been established to explain their essential differences in energy release forms, radiation and nuclear contamination. All physical substances in the universe are composed of three fundamental units: protons, neutrons and electrons. These particles form under extreme cosmic conditions of ultra-high temperature, pressure and energy. High-energy photons bind and interlock to form stable micro-cages for particles, defined herein as the strong force self-locking structure. Protons carry positive charges and electrons carry negative charges; particles form in matching pairs, and positive-negative charge neutralization renders macroscopic matter electrically neutral. Only sustained full-domain ultra-high energy conditions can completely collapse self-locking structures across all regions, causing simultaneous disintegration of protons, neutrons and electrons. Without physical carriers for electric charges, charge neutralization disappears, and matter fully converts into photon aggregates. The strong force self-locking structure possesses extremely high binding strength. The temperature within controllable fusion devices and most regions of nuclear explosions is insufficient to fully disassemble intra-nucleon binding cages. Complete particle dissociation can only be achieved in special high-energy scenarios including heavy-ion collision accelerators and black hole jets. Nuclear explosions only produce instantaneous extreme temperatures at microscopic local points, capable of damaging partial particle binding structures. This paper first deduces the pathways, mass deficits and energy release processes of uranium-235 fission layer by layer, then elaborates the micro-reaction characteristics of light nuclear fusion. It distinguishes two distinct energy release modes: energy emission from stored photons during fission and release of strong force potential energy during fusion. A comparative analysis of the two nuclear reactions is conducted from dimensions of particle binding state, energy carrier, charge variation and radioactive waste to complete the unified mechanism derivation.  |
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