[交流] 135、The Real Formation Mechanism of Jets from Supermassive Galactic Black Holes

preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20838361 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20838361 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract The mainstream Blandford-Znajek (BZ) jet model, which attributes jet power to magnetic fields extracting black hole spin energy, contains fundamental physical paradoxes. Gamma-ray photons carry no electric charge or magnetic dipole moment, so strong magnetic fields cannot directly accelerate, constrain or drive pure photon flows. This contradicts astronomical observations that black hole jets consist solely of high-energy gamma photons near their black hole horizon origin, with solid matter only emerging at intermediate and far jet distances. Based on the universal physical framework that light is the fundamental origin of all matter, this paper proposes a tripartite jet formation mechanism combining spacetime compression from black hole angular momentum, collision and reflection blocking by dense accretion disk particle walls, and cumulative photon cluster pressure. This work definitively rejects the long-standing paradigm that magnetic fields supply the primary jet driving power. It coherently explains the origin, collimation and layered evolutionary properties of relativistic polar jets from supermassive black holes, resolving persistent inconsistencies between traditional theories and observational data. Keywords black hole jets; angular momentum spacetime compression; photon cluster pressure; accretion disk particle barrier; matter generation from photons; jet collimation mechanism 1. Introduction Relativistic polar jets launched from the cores of supermassive galactic black holes represent the most energetic large-scale astrophysical structures in the observable universe. Multi-wavelength astronomical observations uniformly confirm a distinct layered structure within these jets: the region of the jet closest to the black hole horizon only emits high-energy gamma-ray radiation, with negligible populations of charged particles or plasma. Solid particles, magnetized plasma, and ultimately interstellar nebulae only form as the jet propagates outward to intermediate and far-field regions. The Blandford-Znajek magnetic jet model has dominated theoretical research for decades. It postulates that strong magnetic fields extract rotational energy from black holes and drag accretion disk plasma to generate polar jets. This framework suffers from irreparable foundational flaws: electromagnetic forces only exert effects on charged particles, and magnetic fields cannot accelerate or direct pure gamma-ray photons. As such, the model fails to explain the observed high-velocity ejection of pure photon flows at jet origins. Furthermore, traditional models conflate the initial driving power source of jets with secondary late-stage evolutionary effects, reversing the chronological order of photon, solid particle and magnetic field generation, which breaks internal logical consistency and conflicts with real cosmic phenomena. This paper adopts a unified physical system centered on the primacy of photons, strictly distinguishing material states inside and outside the black hole horizon. A new jet dynamical model is constructed, integrating spacetime compression from angular momentum, collision blocking by particle barriers, and cumulative photon pressure, achieving full consistency between fundamental physical laws and multi-wavelength astronomical observations.

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