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129、Light as the Prime Mover of the Universe
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20806579 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20806579 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Newton’s theory of universal gravitation accurately describes the aggregation and orbital motion of massive matter under gravitational attraction, yet classical physics contains an irreparable fundamental flaw: gravitation only acts on formed matter and cannot explain the original energy source of all cosmic matter and forces. This physical confusion, unresolved for three centuries, is known as the prime mover puzzle. Mainstream physical systems rigidly classify the applicable scales of forces and separate the homologous nature of all interactions, failing to clarify the generative logic linking photon energy, material mass, and the three fundamental forces. Based on the Unified Theory of Light Origin, this paper conducts rigorous deductions combining mass-energy conversion equations, electron-positron annihilation experiments, and astronomical observations of black hole jets. The core conclusion is proposed: photons are pure primitive cosmic energy with zero mass. After high-energy photons are bound and aggregated in space, their primitive energy solidifies into massive physical particles. All massive objects inherently carry the strong force and universal gravitation, while charged matter simultaneously possesses Coulomb force (electromagnetic force). The three forces share the same origin and only differ in intensity due to acting distance and material aggregation scale; no force completely vanishes at any scale. Uniformly dispersed primitive photons spread across the early universe, and after transforming into discrete matter, all interactions drive mutual attraction and full-scale cosmic motion. The entire evolutionary process relies solely on the objective physical transition from energy to matter without invoking supernatural external forces, forming a complete materialist logical loop to resolve the prime mover puzzle. This paper only demonstrates reasoning around three forces: strong force, electromagnetic (Coulomb) force, and universal gravitation. Keywords: prime mover puzzle; photon; primitive energy; mass-energy conversion; three fundamental forces; black hole jet; cosmic evolution 1 Introduction Newton established the universal gravitation framework in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, quantitatively characterizing the aggregation and orbital motion of celestial bodies driven by gravity. According to the classical law of inertia, matter without energy supply or mutual interactions remains discretely stationary, giving rise to a core contradiction: gravity can only sustain pre-existing material motion rather than accounting for the original formation of cosmic matter and forces. This is the renowned prime mover puzzle in physics. Limited by observational and theoretical boundaries of his era, Newton could not identify an objective carrier of universal primitive energy and attributed the initial motion of the cosmos to supernatural external forces. Over the following three centuries, relativity and the Standard Model of Particle Physics contain two critical biases in their interpretation of forces: first, they rigidly restrict each force to a single applicable scale, denying the objective existence of every force across all scales; second, they disconnect the homologous correlation between the strong force and universal gravitation, failing to coherently interpret the full evolutionary chain from pure photons to atoms, nebulae and stars. Centered on the fundamental law of mass-energy conversion and combined with observational evidence of black hole jets, this paper restores the complete cosmic evolutionary chain and proves that the primitive energy carried by photons constitutes the fundamental source of the cosmic prime mover. It clearly elaborates that once primitive energy solidifies into massive matter, the object inherently possesses the strong force and universal gravitation, with charged matter additionally endowed with Coulomb force. The three forces originate from the same source and only vary in intensity with distance and total mass of matter. All cosmic motion derives from the primitive energy of photons, and all deductions in this paper revolve exclusively around the three fundamental forces.  |
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