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122、The Grand Unified Theory of Light Origin
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20759512 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20759512 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Based on the Grand Unified Theory of Light Origin, this paper proposes that photons are the sole primordial units constituting the universe, and constructs a complete physical system covering mass-energy generation, microscopic particle formation, hierarchical division of interaction forces and the evolution of macroscopic matter. It interprets the underlying physical mechanism of the absolute constancy of the speed of light, strictly distinguishes the intrinsic speed of photons from the relative speed observed in reference frames, and corrects long-standing misunderstandings of the speed of light in classical physics and modern relativity systems. It further reveals the structural generation mechanism of mass originating from bound photons and charge, the energy exchange principle of electron energy level transitions, and the underlying logic of mass-energy release in nuclear explosions. This paper defines that protons, neutrons and electrons are the only three fundamental physical particles in the universe, and demonstrates the irreplaceable core role of neutrons in the construction of atomic nuclei and the evolution of diverse matter. By classifying primary primordial fundamental forces and secondary derived interaction forces, a fully self-consistent logical closed loop covering the structures of microscopic particles, mass-energy conversion laws and the evolutionary systems of the macroscopic universe is realized. Keywords photon; light origin; constancy of the speed of light; intrinsic speed; relative speed; mass-energy conversion; fundamental particles; fundamental forces; atomic nuclear structure Introduction Relativity, quantum mechanics and the Standard Model of particle physics jointly form the core framework of modern physics, yet the existing theoretical system has long been plagued by irreconcilable internal divisions. Relativity only defines the invariance of the speed of light based on observational assumptions, failing to explain the inevitable root cause of the constant speed of light from the primordial layer of the universe. The Standard Model cannot unify the four fundamental interactions, and lacks a unified qualitative explanation for the essential origins of mass and charge. The mass-energy equation merely serves as a quantitative calculation tool, while the energy release processes of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion and particle decay lack a unified underlying logic connecting microcosm and macrocosm. Various spacetime paradoxes and quantum abnormal phenomena require continuous addition of extra assumptions to patch logical loopholes. To resolve the logical faults of existing physical theories and eliminate systemic contradictions brought by multiple patchwork assumptions, this paper puts forward the Grand Unified Theory of Light Origin. Taking photons as the sole primordial unit of the universe as the core axiom, the theory deduces all physical phenomena including the constancy of the speed of light, mass generation, charge differentiation, formation of fundamental particles, hierarchy of interaction forces, atomic nuclear structures and mass-energy conversion from the basic behaviors of self-locking binding, energy aggregation and dissociation of photons. The main research objectives of this paper fall into three categories. First, deduce the internal logic of the constant intrinsic speed of free photons from the primordial level, distinguish the intrinsic speed of photons from the relative observation speed in reference frames, and eliminate various spacetime paradoxes derived from relativity. Second, uniformly interpret the microscopic origins of mass and charge, and sort out the generation paths and structural differences of the three fundamental particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Third, reclassify the hierarchical order of cosmic interaction forces, distinguish primordial fundamental forces from secondary derived forces, and build a self-consistent physical logical closed loop spanning microscopic particles to the macroscopic universe. The overall structure of this paper is arranged as follows. Part 1 elaborates the core attributes of photons as the cosmic primordial unit and deduces the underlying mechanism for the absolute constancy of the speed of light. Part 2 analyzes the origin of mass from bound photons and interprets the internal mechanism of mass-energy conversion and nuclear energy release. Part 3 introduces the generation paths of protons, neutrons and electrons—the three fundamental physical particles—and demonstrates the critical significance of neutrons for the formation of complex material worlds. Part 4 deduces the structural balance generation mechanism of electric charge. Part 5 stratifies cosmic interaction forces to distinguish primary primordial fundamental forces and secondary derived weak forces. Part 6 integrates the theories of the full text and sorts out a complete self-consistent causal chain of cosmic evolution. Part 7 serves as the summary of the full text and an overview of the theoretical value.  |
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