[交流] 117、The Physical Nature of Supermassive Black Holes at Galactic Centers

preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20685297 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20685297 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract This paper abandons inconsistent hypotheses in traditional black hole theories, including light trapping by gravity, volume-less singularities and jets driven by electromagnetic force. Based on observational facts and fundamental physical logic, it systematically elaborates the nature of supermassive black holes at galactic centers, the cause of their dark appearance, jet formation mechanism, energy-matter conversion, driving forces of galactic motion and the law of spatial orientation flip. A self-consistent and unified theoretical system is established. The research indicates that a supermassive black hole at a galactic center is essentially a high-energy photon gas within a galactic vortex. It is a pure energy body with no tangible mass, no singular structure and cannot generate gravity itself. Black holes appear dark because visible light entering the high-energy photon gas is boosted into invisible ultra-high-energy radiation, rather than being trapped by gravity. In the early stage, galactic contraction and aggregation are dominated by the gravity of matter. After black holes form and transform into high-energy photon gas, they produce no gravity, while the mutual gravitational force between stars, nebulae, gas, dust and other substances inside the galaxy still exists. Driven jointly by vortex force, rotational inertia and mutual gravitational pull of matter, galactic substances keep converging toward the center and are fully decomposed into pure energy after entering the high-energy photon gas. Black hole jets are generated by rotational compression and pressure relief at the two poles, which are mainly streams of pure high-energy photons. As they travel over long distances and lose energy, new fundamental matter is regenerated, forming a universal cycle between energy and matter. Continuous jet ejection and energy balance adjustment drive the entire galaxy to undergo periodic 180° spatial orientation flip, switching between horizontal and vertical states. This accounts for the diverse orientations of galaxies across the universe. Ultra-long jets extending up to 23 million light-years can traverse galaxy clusters, transporting fresh matter and energy to aging and dormant galaxies, supplementing nebular materials, reigniting star formation and reviving dying galaxies. This theory reasonably explains key observational phenomena such as the jets of the M87 galactic black hole and the 23-million-light-year ultra-long jet of the Porphyrion black hole, as well as the diverse spatial orientations of galaxies. It corrects core misunderstandings in traditional theories and provides new perspectives for the research on black hole physics and galactic evolution. Keywords Supermassive black hole; High-energy photon gas; Vortex force; Inertial motion; Mutual gravity of matter; Black hole jet; Energy-matter cycle; Galactic 180° flip; Revival of dying galaxies; Photon energy boost 1 Introduction Black holes are the most extreme celestial bodies in the universe. Supermassive black holes located at galactic centers govern the formation and long-term evolution of galaxies. Traditional theories are built on the concepts of infinite gravity, inescapable light and central singularities, and adopt electromagnetic force to explain jet phenomena. However, obvious logical contradictions remain. Since photons have no rest mass, gravity is physically incapable of confining them. If gravity were strong enough to trap light, jets could never exist. Moreover, the singularity hypothesis lacks observational evidence and violates the basic physical laws of matter. With the advancement of observation technology, a large number of high-precision empirical data have been obtained. The jet of the central black hole in the M87 galaxy stretches for thousands of light-years. The ultra-long jet of the Porphyrion supermassive black hole reaches 23 million light-years across multiple galaxies. Near the core of jets, only high-energy photons such as gamma rays and X-rays can be detected, while tangible particles including protons and electrons gradually appear in regions far from the core. Galaxies present stable vortex structures with varied spatial orientations, including horizontal, vertical and tilted forms. These facts prove that the traditional black hole model cannot interpret real observational phenomena. It is urgent to establish a new theory that conforms to physical essence and maintains logical self-consistency. Focusing on supermassive black holes at galactic centers rather than stellar-mass black holes, this paper clarifies the nature of black holes, changes in force mechanisms, jet formation, energy-matter cycle, galactic motion dynamics, periodic 180° spatial flip and the revival of dying galaxies by ultra-long jets, so as to form a complete theoretical framework.

回复此楼