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111、The Essence of Field
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20677300 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20677300 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract The universe consists of a single, continuous and complete three-dimensional space, with no parallel universes, higher-dimensional spaces or fragmented spatial structures. Physically, a field refers to the spatial range where fundamental forces act instantaneously across a distance. Once matter possesses mass or electric charge, the corresponding force field forms throughout the space instantly, delivering action across a distance without propagating particles, propagation speed or time delay. An object can only be affected when it enters a field and carries matching physical properties: objects with mass are subject to gravitational force, while charged objects are affected by electric force. Objects lacking relevant properties will experience no interaction even within the field. Field strength decreases continuously following the inverse-square law, without abrupt boundaries. The greater the mass or electric charge of a substance, the stronger the field strength at remote locations and the wider the observable effective range. There are exactly three fundamental forces in nature: universal gravitation, electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force. Electromagnetic force includes electrostatic action and magnetic action, which share the same origin and belong to one fundamental force. To ensure theoretical rigor and consistent rules, this research on field theory only discusses Coulomb electrostatic force that strictly obeys the inverse-square law of distance, and excludes magnetic fields for the time being. Both universal gravitation and Coulomb electrostatic force follow the inverse-square law of distance. The strong nuclear force is built on the inverse-square relation with an additional factor for rapid short-range attenuation, and it only functions within the scale of atomic nuclei. Various fields proposed in mainstream modern physics, such as the Higgs field, quark field, gluon field, weak force field and quantum gauge fields, fail to meet the core characteristics of a field: instantaneity, action across a distance and spatial range of force. The model of force transmission via intermediate particles contains fundamental logical flaws. These concepts are artificially constructed supplementary assumptions piled up layer by layer, rather than primitive fields existing in nature. This paper redefines the underlying relationships among space, force and field, abandons redundant artificially-defined field models, and establishes a concise, self-consistent and experimentally verifiable theoretical system for primitive fields. Keywords Essence of field; Instant action at a distance; Action across a distance; Three fundamental forces; Inverse-square law 1 Introduction Since its development, modern physics has established a vast and complex system of fields, including dozens of quantum fields, gauge fields, scalar fields and vector fields. Instead of simplifying physical laws, these numerous field models have confused the fundamental logic of physics. Fundamentally, mainstream physics holds a wrong definition of "field". Current theories regard a field as a special form of matter, a medium or a carrier of waves. They assume that forces are transmitted by intermediate particles such as photons and gluons, and that force propagates at the speed of light with time delay, denying instant action at a distance. This is the root cause of theoretical contradictions, excessive model building and conceptual proliferation. A field can be illustrated with a simple metaphor: it is like a dojo with a predefined effective range and enduring internal rules. The field exists well before any external object enters its scope, and objects inside will abide by the mechanical rules of the field. Mainstream physics fails to clarify this basic logic yet creates numerous obscure field concepts. According to the intermediate particle theory, the source substance has to emit particles to travel a long distance and deliver force only after a detected object approaches. This is equivalent to sending messengers on the way after guests arrive, which contradicts the essential nature of a field as a pre-established range of action. This paper adopts the most fundamental and authentic definition of physics: a field is neither matter, nor medium, nor wave. It is the spatial range where forces act instantaneously across a distance. Where there is force acting instantaneously across a distance, there must be a corresponding field. No genuine physical field can exist without instant action at a distance. On this basis, this paper unifies the relationships among space, force and field, eliminates all artificially fabricated fields, retains only the primitive fields corresponding to the three fundamental forces, and reconstructs the underlying theory of fields.  |
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