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108、An Inference Model of Electron Spin Based on Confined Photons
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preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20673474 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20673474 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract In conventional quantum mechanics, electron spin is defined as an intrinsic angular momentum of microscopic particles, modelled and calculated via matrix equations and quantum mathematical formulas. It has long lacked an intuitive physical interpretation. The classical solid sphere rotation model is discarded by mainstream physics because it leads to a fatal paradox: the surface speed of an electron would exceed the speed of light. Current quantum physics research generally builds mathematical frameworks first and adjusts physical models afterwards to match computational results, which risks theories prioritizing mathematical consistency over real world physical observations. This paper adjusts the research logic, taking physical phenomena as primary research grounds and postponing quantitative mathematical calculations to later stage studies. Based on proven physical facts including the constancy of light speed, high energy photon radiation from nuclear explosions and measured angular momentum data of electron spin, a confined photon inference model is established through logical deduction. The core viewpoint indicates that elementary particles such as electrons, protons and neutrons form when photons reaching critical level energy are restricted by an unidentified microscopic interaction mechanism. A single particle may consist of one or a small number of photons, whose exact quantity cannot be confirmed at the present stage. The confinement boundary is merely an abstract theoretical concept without solid physical barriers, which only limits the motion range of photons. Electron spin does not stem from the whole scale rotation of an electron sphere like Earth’s rotation. It is the overall angular momentum effect observed experimentally, generated by momentum superposition of continuously moving confined internal photons. Photons must attain the minimum critical energy to be stably bound; stable microscopic particles cannot form below this energy threshold. Massive energy release in nuclear fission or nuclear fusion explosions originates from the collapse of particle binding mechanisms. Once confinement fails, trapped photons escape outwards at light speed directly with no acceleration process. This paper completes qualitative logical deduction and constructs an integrated physical framework covering particle origin, spin generation mechanism and nuclear energy release. Mathematical derivation and data fitting calculations are reserved for follow up research, providing an innovative theoretical approach for exploring the underlying principle of particle spin. Keywords: electron spin; confined photon; microscopic particle; critical energy; nuclear energy; intrinsic angular momentum; logical deduction 1 Introduction Quantum mechanical experiments have validated the existence of spin angular momentum and spin magnetic moment of electrons. Researchers calculate parameters such as spin quantum numbers precisely by matrix algebra and the Schrödinger equation. Early scholars assumed electrons were rigid spheres producing spin via self rotation. Subsequent calculations proved the electron surface velocity would surpass the speed of light and violate the principle of constant light speed, hence the classical rotation model was eliminated. To resolve this contradiction, physicists proposed the concept of intrinsic spin, treating spin as an in born fundamental property of microscopic particles. Although this theory fits existing mathematical calculations well, it fails to explain material motion patterns behind spin and lacks concrete physical motion visualization, remaining confined to abstract mathematical computation. Mainstream research suffers from flawed logical priority: mathematical equation systems are formulated first, then physical models are revised to match calculation outcomes, which may disconnect theories from real world observations. Physical research ought to commence from practical phenomena, while mathematics serves as a later stage quantitative verification tool. Based on the constant speed of light principle and nuclear explosion high energy photon observations, this paper builds the confined photon inference model. It interprets the essential composition of electrons, protons, neutrons, spin generation rules and nuclear energy release mechanisms, defines critical energy conditions for particle formation, and marks unsolved quantitative problems for future study.  |
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