[交流] 107、On the Absolute Intrinsic Nature of the Speed of Light and the Essence

preprint of cern doi :10.5281/zenodo.20626182 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20626182 my academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. you may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by english title or english keywords) to view the full english and chinese pdf texts. Abstract Special Relativity misinterprets the observed constancy of the speed of light in a vacuum as the invariance of relative light speed across all inertial reference frames, confusing the physical definitions of absolute light speed and relative light speed and thus forming systematic logical paradoxes. This paper establishes a new underlying model of cosmic mass and energy: light is pure particle-form primordial energy of the universe, rather than electromagnetic waves as traditionally defined, and gamma photons represent the high-energy form of light. The speed of light is an inherent ultimate propagation rate possessed by photons by nature. It remains constant relative only to photons themselves and is unaffected by the motion of light sources, observers or transformations of reference frames. Photons have no rest mass and no electric charge, so no external force can accelerate or decelerate them — this is the fundamental physical reason for the constancy of the speed of light. The relative speed of light observed by observers follows the rules of classical kinematics: the relative speed decreases when the observer moves in the same direction as light, and increases when the observer moves in the opposite direction. Variations in observed values merely stem from differences in reference frames and never alter the intrinsic speed of photons. Essential matter is not an independent entity, but high-energy light energy confined and bound by microscopic particles. Protons, neutrons and electrons form the basic microscopic confinement structures, which trap photons moving at the speed of light within an extremely tiny space and mask their inherent property of propagating at light speed. Macroscopically, such confined states manifest as tangible matter with rest mass. When the microscopic confinement structure collapses and the binding force disappears, the trapped light energy breaks free from material constraints, reverts to its original photon state, and propagates outward at the standard speed of light in a vacuum. By distinguishing between the overall common velocity of a complete system and the relative velocity within the system, and combining the inherent physical properties of photons, this paper thoroughly resolves the reference frame paradox revealed by ground-based light speed experiments, corrects fundamental conceptual errors in Special Relativity, and constructs a logically self-consistent theoretical system covering mass-energy transformation and the propagation rules of light speed. Keywords: absoluteness of the speed of light; energy confinement; particle confinement; relative reference frame; paradox of Relativity; gamma photon; mass-energy transformation 1. Introduction Since its establishment, Special Relativity has taken "the constancy of the speed of light in a vacuum across all inertial reference frames" as its core axiom. Based on this premise, it has put forward derivative hypotheses including time dilation, length contraction and mass-velocity relation, and built the modern classic spacetime system. While Special Relativity correctly concludes that the velocity of a light source cannot be superimposed onto photons, its subsequent inferences deviate fundamentally. The theoretical system has long suffered from inherent logical flaws, which arise not from deviations in experimental results, but from confusion over physical concepts. Conventional theories fail to strictly differentiate between the absolute propagation speed of photons themselves and the relative speed measured by observers. They also disregard the essential properties of photons (zero rest mass and zero electric charge), and cannot reasonably explain phenomena such as the uniform measurement of light speed on Earth, the nature of matter, and energy release in nuclear reactions. Based on the new microscopic particle confinement model and the theory of absolute light speed, combined with the inherent physical characteristics of photons, this paper redefines the transformation relationship between light, energy and matter. It clarifies that matter is bound light energy while free light is primordial energy released from confinement. By sorting out the rules governing the overall motion of macroscopic systems and classical relative velocity, this paper analyzes the logical loopholes in Special Relativity at the fundamental level and establishes a set of self-consistent underlying physical laws.

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