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94、A Unified Physical Mechanism of Electron Single-Slit
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Preprint of CERN doi :10.5281/zenodo.20453031 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20453031 My academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. You may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. Readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by English title or English keywords) to view the full English and Chinese pdf texts. Abstract The mainstream quantum mechanics uses “probability wave superposition and single-electron self-interference” to explain electron single-slit and double-slit diffraction. This theory deviates from the essential nature of real particle interactions and has fundamental logical flaws. The electron is a negatively charged real particle with a definite physical size and high-frequency transverse oscillation; a single real particle has no physical basis for self-interference. Abandoning the abstract probability wave hypothesis, this paper establishes a complete real-interaction model including electrostatic repulsion deflection, surface electron exchange, collision scattering, microscopic refraction, and barrier diffraction, based on the three-dimensional random transverse oscillation and charge repulsion of electrons. The model uniformly explains the real formation mechanism of electron single-slit diffraction and double-slit interference fringes. This paper proves that in single-electron sequential emission, each electron passes through only one slit; all bright and dark fringes are the statistical result of multiple microscopic interactions between electrons and slit walls or the central barrier. The disappearance of fringes under observation is caused by external disturbance to the inherent oscillation and wall-interaction equilibrium, not by wave function collapse. This paper further clarifies that whether an electron can pass through a slit is determined by its transverse oscillation amplitude, not by wavelength. Amplitude directly corresponds to slit width and is the core controlling variable of diffraction. Meanwhile, if no slit is placed, electrons flying directly to the screen produce no diffraction or interference fringes, proving that electrons themselves have no self-interference ability. Fringes are generated by slit structures, not by intrinsic wave interference of electrons. This study corrects the century-long misunderstanding of electron diffraction and establishes a new microscopic diffraction mechanism consistent with classical real-particle physics. Keywords electron diffraction; single-slit and double-slit experiments; transverse oscillation; charge repulsion; particle exchange; diffraction mechanism 1 Introduction Although photons and electrons are both microscopic particles, their diffraction mechanisms are fundamentally different. Photons are energy carriers, and their diffraction arises from energy level transitions, absorption–reemission, and wall scattering. Electrons are massive, charged, continuously oscillating real particles, so their diffraction must follow the laws of collision and electromagnetic interaction. Since the electron double-slit experiment was established, mainstream theory has contained unresolved contradictions: 1.Single electrons are emitted one by one without superposition, yet the hypothesis of “self-interference” is forced; 2.The microscopic interactions at slit surfaces, side walls, and the central double-slit barrier are completely ignored; 3.The well-confirmed high-frequency transverse oscillation of electrons is disregarded, and abstract probability waves replace real motion; 4.The experimental fact that electrons aimed directly at the double-slit barrier still form images cannot be reasonably explained. Based on the conclusion of the companion paper—the transverse oscillation range of an electron is much larger than its physical diameter—electrons cannot move in a perfectly straight line through slits but inevitably oscillate sideways, approach walls, and interact microscopically. This paper further clarifies a long-confused key concept: Whether an electron can pass a slit is determined by its transverse oscillation amplitude, not by wavelength. Amplitude corresponds directly to slit width and is the true determinant of diffraction. Mainstream theory incorrectly uses wavelength to explain diffraction conditions, deviating from real particle motion. A critical fact is widely avoided: If no single slit or double slit is present, electrons flying directly to the detector produce no diffraction or interference fringes. This proves electrons have no inherent self-interference ability. Diffraction fringes are products of slit-wall constraints and electromagnetic interactions, not self-interference. Based on the above, this paper constructs a unified real-interaction model to explain all electron diffraction phenomena and replace the self-interference theory.  |
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