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88、The Structure of Matter (Final Version)
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Preprint of CERN doi :10.5281/zenodo.20362761 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20362761 My academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. You may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. Readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by English title or English keywords) to view the full English and Chinese pdf texts. Abstract Based on the core premise that the origin of the universe is light, this paper systematically expounds the formation mechanism of matter and the generation process of particles. Research shows that matter is essentially confined and structured light energy. High-energy photons are confined under extreme conditions to form electrons, protons, and neutrons. Protons and electrons combine to form hydrogen atoms, which eventually constitute all kinds of atoms and everything in the universe. This paper discusses in detail the conditions for matter formation, underlying mechanisms, particle properties, the origin of charge, atomic formation processes, and the two-way transformation law between light and matter. Verified by particle collision experiments, a complete and self-consistent theoretical system of matter structure is formed. Keywords: structure of matter; photon confinement; energy conversion; electron; proton; neutron; atom formation; energy–matter cycle 1 Introduction Previous studies have established that the origin of the universe is light, and light is the most fundamental energy. Light is transformed into protons, electrons, and neutrons through confinement, and matter itself is locked and structured light (energy). In the extreme high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-density environment of the early universe, high-energy photons were confined and condensed into stable structures, forming electrons, protons, and neutrons. In daily environments, light can also be absorbed and confined by electrons through energy transfer, becoming part of matter. Matter is not independent of energy; its birth and evolution are essentially changes in the form of energy existence. Based on this, this paper systematically reveals the complete laws of matter generation, particle structure, atomic formation, and energy conversion.  |
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