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63、Deterministic Orbital Motion of Electron Based on Measured Hydrogen
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Preprint of CERN doi :10.5281/zenodo.19963786 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19963786 My academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. You may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. Readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by English title or English keywords) to view the full English and Chinese pdf texts. Abstract Based solely on internationally recognized laboratory measured data of the ground-state hydrogen atom, this paper conducts complete calculation and logical derivation of the whole process of electron orbital motion. The whole process includes all core parameters and derivation processes, such as orbital circumference, revolutions per second, equivalent plane square calculation of flattened spherical surface, total number of orbital positions and spatial traversal times, abandoning all subjective assumptions and complex solid geometry disputes. The research clearly shows that the electron has a unique and fixed orbital position at every moment, without quantum superposition state or spontaneous transition. The so-called electron cloud is only the trajectory coverage effect formed by the ultra-high-speed motion of electrons; the so-called quantum superposition state and quantum transition are both misunderstandings of classical deterministic orbital motion. Based on measured data, this paper negates the core hypotheses of electron cloud, superposition state and quantum transition in quantum mechanics with verifiable calculation and logic, proving that electrons are always in deterministic orbital motion, and the stability of atoms is completely governed by classical mechanical rules. Key words: Hydrogen atom; Electron orbit; Deterministic motion; Electron cloud; Superposition state; Quantum transition; Measured parameters 1. Introduction Since the birth of quantum mechanics, it has constructed a non-classical microscopic particle motion model with electron cloud, superposition state and quantum transition as core hypotheses. However, this model always has irreconcilable logical contradictions: the "simultaneous existence in multiple positions" of electrons is incompatible with the long-term stable existence of atoms, and "instant transition" also violates the continuity principle of classical mechanics. Without introducing any additional assumptions, this paper only takes the laboratory measured data of ground-state hydrogen atom as the sole basis, restores the real motion state of electrons through calculation and derivation of classical mechanics, fundamentally negates the existence of electron cloud, superposition state and quantum transition, and proves that electrons always follow the deterministic orbital motion law.  |
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