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46、On the Rational Boundary of the Scientific Falsifiability Principle
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Preprint of CERN doi :10.5281/zenodo.19646691 or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19646691 My academic identifier: orcid id: 0009-0005-2185-5790. You may go to the official academic website to retrieve and view relevant research content. Readers may copy this number to search on the official zenodo website (search by English title or English keywords) to view the full English and Chinese pdf texts. Abstract The statement that "scientific theories are falsifiable" is a core demarcation criterion established in the philosophy of science in the 20th century. After being systematically proposed by Karl Popper, this principle has gradually become a widely accepted foundational consensus in the scientific community, effectively distinguishing scientific theories from non-scientific assertions. However, in current academic discussions and public scientific discourse, this principle has been infinitely amplified and wantonly abused. Numerous blind doubts without substantive basis, logical support, or factual contradiction have been raised under the pretext of "science is falsifiable". This not only violates the original intention of the falsifiability principle but also undermines the foundation of the empirically established scientific knowledge system. This paper traces the origin and core connotation of the scientific falsifiability principle, clarifies the necessary prerequisites for falsification, defines the rational applicable boundary of scientific falsification with classic empirical conclusions such as Newtonian mechanics, the DNA double helix structure, and the inverse-square law of universal gravitation, and points out that falsification is by no means unrestricted skepticism: it must be based on factual contradictions, logical flaws, and empirical counterexamples. Within a given scope of application, scientific conclusions repeatedly verified by massive experiments and practices possess unshakable empirical truth. Forced unfounded falsification will only lead to the collapse of the scientific system. Only by adhering to rational, bounded, and evidence-based falsification can we conform to the essence of the scientific spirit and promote the sound development of scientific research. Keywords scientific falsifiability principle; Karl Popper; rational doubt; applicable boundary; empirical science 1. Introduction "Science is falsifiable" has become a frequently cited assertion in current scientific discussions, and even regarded by some as a "universal rule" for unconditional skepticism about everything. In both rigorous academic debates and daily exchanges of scientific viewpoints, whenever there are different opinions, some people use this as an excuse to arbitrarily deny proven scientific conclusions, while completely ignoring the original intention, core prerequisites, and applicable boundary of the falsifiability principle. The value of the scientific falsifiability principle is to set a clear category for scientific research and promote the continuous improvement of theories through empirical testing, rather than providing an excuse for blind quarrels and unreasonable denials. Throughout the history of scientific development, conclusions such as Newtonian mechanics, classical electromagnetic theory, the law of conservation of energy, and the DNA double helix structure have been verified by hundreds of years of countless experiments and engineering practices within their determined scopes of application, and have long become a solid foundation of empirical science. These conclusions are not undebatable, but cannot be falsified without basis. The current abuse of the falsifiability principle has deviated from the essence of science and even shaken the stability of basic scientific knowledge. Based on this, this paper systematically combs the theoretical origin of the scientific falsifiability principle, clarifies its core connotation, distinguishes rational falsification from blind doubt, defines the rational applicable boundary of this principle, and provides theoretical support for standardizing scientific discussions and returning to rational academic exchanges. 2. Origin and Core Connotation of the Scientific Falsifiability Principle  |
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